Challenges in Conducting a Good Research Essay

The theoretical foundations are the heart for conducting research in a given area. It is the framework on which the whole research project is based. It is a rationally described, elaborated and developed network of relationships among the variables considered important to the problem situation and identified through such process as literature survey, interview and observations. An effective theoretical foundation identifies and define the relevant variables in a situation that are necessary to the problem defined. Similarly, the building blocks of conducting a good research are the existing facts, theories and hypothesis concerning the topic of study. They serve as a guide to the representation of existing information about the problem, thus supporting and motivating the research in regard to the topic. A good example of the building blocks of a research is the literature review, which provides information about what has been put out about the problem (Taber, 2012). Challenges To Conducting A Good Research Looking for study participants. Finding the participants of the research is usually difficult because a researcher has to define the target participants before he or she goes to the find. In most cases such participants are usually hidden, making it hard to find them. Nevertheless, the best way to solve this challenge is through networking. Networking through methods such as snowball technique eliminates this challenge (Webster & Tuckman,2000). A research can also work with other established researcher in the field for networking Dealing with collected data. When the study is completed, the researcher is faced with the challenge of having a large volume of data, which he or she has to link it with the present research. He or she has to show how his or her research contributes to the body of knowledge. Large data are hard to analyze. But, it can be solved by referring to the methodology used in the study. He or she can also stay focused so as not to be distracted by insignificant data. References Taber, K. (2012). Conducting research in educational contexts. Teacher Development, 395-397. Webster, P., & Tuckman, B. (2000). Conducting Educational Research. Journal of Research in Music Education, 271-271. Source document

Staff Nurse Appraisal

OVERCOMING APPRAISAL INTERVIEW DIFFICULTIES: There is a greater chance that the performance appraisal will have a positive outcome if certain conditions are present before, during, and after the interview. Before the Interview * Make sure that the conditions mentioned previously have been met (e. g. , the employee knows the standard by which his or her work will be evaluated), and she has a copy of the appraisal form. Select an appropriate time for the appraisal conference. * Be prepared mentally and emotionally for the conference yourself. * Schedule uninterrupted interview time. * Plan a seating arrangement that reflects collegiality rather than power (placing the chairs side by side) During the Interview * Greet the employee warmly, showing that the manager and the organization have a sincere interest in his or her growth. * Begin the conference on a pleasant, informal note. Ask the employee to comment on his or her progress since the last performance appraisal. * Avoid surprises in the appraisal conference. * Use coaching techniques throughout the conference. * When dealing with an employee who has several problems select the major ones. * Listen carefully to what the employee has to say. * Focus on the employee’s performance and not on his or her personal characteristics. * When delivering performance feedback, be straightforward and state concerns directly. Never threaten, intimidate, or use status in any manner * Let the employee know that the organization and the manager are aware of his or her uniqueness, special interests, and valuable contributions to the unit. * Use terms and language that are clearly understood and carry the same meaning for both parties. Avoid words that have a negative connotation. * Mutually set goals for further growth or improvement in the employee’s performance. * Plan on being available for employees to return retrospectively to discuss the appraisal review further. After the Interview Both the manager and empl oyee need to sign the appraisal form to document that the conference was held and that the employee received the appraisal information * End the interview on a pleasant note. * Document the goals for further development that have been agreed on by both parties. * If the interview reveals specific long-term coaching needs, the manager should develop a method of follow-up to ensure that such coaching takes place. Reference: Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing Theory and Application: Marquis & Huston, 2012. Related article: â€Å"Ati RN Community Health Online Practice 2016 B†

Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood

Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood Essay Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood Essay. New York: Random House, 1965. 343 pages. Summary. In Cold Blood is the true story of a multiple murder that rocked the small town of Holcomb, Kansas and neighboring communities in 1959. It begins by introducing the reader to an ideal, all-American family, the Clutters Herb (the father), Bonnie (the mother), Nancy (the teenage daughter), and Kenyon (the teenage son). The Clutters were prominent members of their community who gained admiration and respect for their neighborly demeanors. After being introduced to the Clutter family, the reader becomes acquainted with Dick Hickock and Perry Smith. The two were former inmates who met in prison. After their release, the men meet up for what Dick calls Aa perfect emailprotected As it turns out, Dick=s cell mate had worked for the Clutters some years earlier and suggested to Dick that he check into employment at the Clutters= farm because the Clutters were such friendly, kindhearted people. The more Dick learned about the Clutters, the more he considered seeking fast cash as opposed to employment. During the trial in the last chapter of the book, however, Dick admitted that his sexual interest in teenage girls was the most powerful force in his decision to invade the Clutters= home. (Perry stopped him from harming Nancy.) Finally, the killers were identified by Dick=s former cell mate and tracked down in Las Vegas. In the time leading up to their arrest, the reader is offered greater insight into the characters of the two men. Because Perry opposed Dick=s crude behavior and showed compassion for the people Dick intended to harm or slight, we are left to feel a bit of sympathy for him. It becomes tempting to see Dick as the manipulative leader and Perry as the helpless follower. After the suspects were taken into custody, Perry eventually confessed that he had killed Herb, Bonnie, Nancy, and Kenyon tied each of them up, made sure they were comfortable, then shot each of them in the head with a shotgun. In addition, it was Perry who cut Herb=s throat. Though Dick didn=t actually pull the trigger or hold the knife, he shined the flashlight into the faces of the victims as Perry killed them. Both men were found guilty of 4 counts of premeditated murder, and each was sentenced to death. While awaiting their executions, they appealed several times, losing each time, but managing to have their execution dates postponed. They were finally executed (by hanging) in April of 1966. Genre, structure, persona, and style. In Cold Blood is one of the first successful nonfiction novels. Capote takes actual details and events concerning the murders of the Clutter family and weaves them into what sometimes seems like a fictional tale. The manner in which he leads the reader into shock gives the impression that the story has been fabricated with the sole intention of creating such shock. (For example: Throughout the first half of the book, Capote convinces us that Perry is the least evil of the two killers, that he is least capable of inflicting the sort of violence to which the Clutters were subjected. We are given the impression that Dick must be the one who pulled the trigger and cut Herb Clutter=s throat, for he is apparently the boldest, the most brutal, the most heartless of the two. Capote reveals much later in the story, however, that it was actually Perry who killed the four people in the Clutter=s house that night. Such an unexpected twist seems almost fictional, too well-crafted to be true.) We must continue to remind ourselves that the events actually took place that the story is nonfiction, as unbelievable as it may seem at times. READ: Bipolar Disorder EssayCapote tells the story in a way that makes the reader feel like he or she is being told about the characters by a close acquaintance of each individual character. When we aren=t hearing the voices of the characters as they tell their own stories (or being given what seems like their own individual perspectives through narration), we hear, not the voice of an omniscient author, but the voice of a friend who knew the characters well. (ABefore .

Research paper on rwanda Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On rwanda - Research Paper Example The earliest ‘residents’ are thought to be a group of Pygmy hunters and gatherers, labeled the Twa. After the Twa settled, it is believed that the Hutus, agriculturists, and the Tutsis also settled in. By the 15th century, evidence shows that the Hutu and Tutsi, both of the Bantu tribe, had organized themselves into states (Melvern, 2006), and thus the Rwandan civilization came into being. One of these states, the Rwabuguri, was the most powerful and maintained control until well into the 19th century. It expanded both geographically and demographically, spreading agricultural techniques and political control. While the military was never a strong means of achieving control, it was used at times against other well-developed states such as Gisaka and Burundi. Soon, economic disparity between the Hutus and the Tutsis became apparent leading to divisions. The Tutsi population emerged with a Mwami (king), who the Rwandans were made to pay tribute to and who controlled much o f the Rwandan land (Melvern, 2006). Moreover, the Tutsis were given many of the important positions in the government. Despite the disparity in control and power, Rwanda did not see any ethnic strife in its pre-colonial administration. It was only when it became a colonial administration that relations between these two tribes, the Hutus and the Tutsis became contentious (Melvern, 2006). Colonial History Early 20th century saw Germany and Belgian colonialism in Rwanda (Cooper, 2002). Unfortunately, this was also an epoch where Germany, like much of Europe, had become fixated on racial differences and soon, they seemed to be favoring the Tutsis against the Hutus since the former were more European in appearance and more inclined to take on the Catholic faith. Therefore, the Tutsis were elevated to higher statuses in the administration and Hutus were routinely oppressed. Soon, many Rwandans started resenting Belgian occupation and formed secret organizations to throw out the Belgians and gain liberation. They resisted reforms by the Belgian administration and in the second half of the 20th century, Pan-Africanism culture spread through Africa and demands of anti-colonialism were made. The final straw came when, in 1962, the last Mwami died and it was believed to have been killed by Belgians. In anger, the Hutus drove out the Belgians soon, the Hutu Emancipation Movement gained power and drove out the Tutsis and killed many of them in revenge for the oppression they had been dealt with (Mamdani, 2002). Post-Independence History to Present The Tutsi refugees started their own party, the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF) and in 1990, the RPF invaded and forced the president to sign a treaty that stated that Hutus and Tutsis would share power (Broch-Due, 2005). After a mass genocide in which 800,000 Tutsis were killed and one-tenth of the population was wiped out (Cohen, 2007) relative peace was seen in Rwanda. The RPF invaded the country and put in place a government with representation from both Hutu and Tutsi fronts. The President was Hutu, and the Vice-President was a Tutsi. Moreover, over 900,000 people had fled Rwanda to

Ethical dilemmas facing multinational corporations in their marketing Essay

Ethical dilemmas facing multinational corporations in their marketing of goods and services abroad - Essay Example The best thing is that the benefits and disadvantages are determined even before the organization goes the global way and thus it saves itself from embarrassment which it might face without having proper knowledge and adequate research within it. The significant thing here is to get prepared and be ready for what is to come in the future as concerns to the organization that we are talking about here. (Beckman, 1967) The ethical concerns rose in the wake of marketing of goods and services abroad remains one of the most talked about concerns and this is highlighted within the length of this paper. The ways and means that are usually taken care of whilst managing the goods and services abroad are aplenty and it is only up to the top management within a company that the same can be handled in a several different methods. They are the ones to decide as to what is the real manner in which the firm’s goods and services would be handled as well as who will head the respective departments, lead the business strategic units and act as legal and media representatives of the said business. The business, as marketers say, exists to satisfy its target audience through fulfilling a need courtesy its products and/or services or a combination of the both, the same being true in case of a retail outlet which sells gasoline to local consumers, thus giving in petrol plus extra services in the form of window cleaning, fuel gauge checks and so on and so forth. (Kelley, 1973) A company or an organization needs sound management framework at its top so that the staff and the employees workin g at different levels feel at ease with the job as well as the working environment. This indeed is very important as it builds long-term credibility of the organization that it cares about its employees and not just the customers and in cases profits and revenues only. (Korzeniowski, 2001) International businesses with regards to

Philosophy - Article oppression by Irish Young - response

Philosophy - oppression by Irish Young - response - Article Example Exploitation generally depicts the conflicts between and haves and have-nots. It is a major trade union issue of all times, as most of the workers’ unions think that the management is their permanent enemy and the workers need to be in war with it always. In the extreme form of unionism, productivity is lost sight of, resulting in grievous loss to the economy. The working class also suffers in the long run. Marginalization is about those sections that are unable to bear with the stiff competition in the labor market due to variety of factors like loss of employment due to recession, disabilities, racial discrimination, etc. Powerlessness is about the plight of the workers, especially those who are unskilled and are unable to tap the alternative sources of employment due to lack of educational qualifications. Such classes of workers have neither autonomy nor authority and have less chances of improving their job prospectus. They have to carry on with the available facilities. Cultural Dominance refers to the dominance of one group over the other that goes in tandem with cultural expressions and interpretations on the basis of history. Iris Marion Young argues about such attitudes in her book â€Å"Justice and the Politics of Difference, â€Å"The Hebrews are oppressed in Egypt, and many users of the term oppression in West invoke this paradigm.†(41) Violence dominates over a big canvas of societal life. State sanctioned violence, racial segregation, harassment to women in workplace, are some of the prominent examples of oppression in these areas. In this materialistic world impacted by industrial and internet revolutions, Iris Young has correctly assessed the aspects related to various types of oppressions and the anguish they cause in the day to day life of the people in the concerned segments as stated above. Attitudinal differentiation on the basis of sex is the hallmark of societal interactions. In

What do I owe my neighbor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What do I owe my neighbor - Essay Example This article was posted in The New York Times, Sunday Review by Susan Straight. It provides an illustration of a story of a Surrogate, an American by nationality. The basic purpose of the article is to address the issues of surrogates while going through the nine months of pregnancy just to give birth to child, have a glance and deliver it to its owners. Not only this at times the people paying for such work also buy the mother milk and to deliver that milk going through miles of distances. The main subject is thus the surrogate. The sole purpose for doing such a laborious job is to simply earn for the family’s bread and butter. The author has utilized persona by masking the names of people discussed in the article and mentioning the initials of their names in order to be effective in the presentation without showing their actual names. Among the various analogies used by the author one is â€Å"SOMETIMES life is like a fun-house mirror, the glass and then the real thing† (Susan). The purpose of the article can be explained as to provide information regarding serial surrogacy and the reasons why it’s been adopted as a job by unemployed women. It throws light on the economic discrepancies between the both sides i.e. those paying for the child and the one going through the process for the sake of earning money. The audience of the article is general public as well as people related with issue. The life of a woman is complex and is rendered sympathetically. The authoritative testimony utilized by the author is the birth of Mitt Romney’s grandson by the same method. Moreover the number of embryos implanted is also an issue as people craving for a specific gendered child pay a lot for its sake. But the process may involve the implantation of multiple embryos to ensure that at least one of them is delivered safely and those paying may not

Martha Peer review MS2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Martha Peer review MS2 - Essay Example Many typographical mistakes were seen in your paper. If you go back and review it once again I am sure you will also see them. E.g. pg 1 â€Å"household andwhat better†, on pg 2 â€Å"can assessa critical†, on pg 3 â€Å"training andpassed the post- training† and many more. Some sentences were very long and thus were confusing e.g. on pg 4 â€Å"The primary goal was to support abusive and neglectful parents, change their unhealthy patterns of †¦..The hope is to improve their parenting skills so that they will begin to derive pleasure from being with their child(ren) and will no longer abuse or neglect them.† Here there is a sudden change tense. On pg 4 â€Å"However, her line of questioning made me†¦. I vacillated between feeling exposed and judged by her as she continued to try and get me to reveal experiences from my past† is unnecessarily long and could have been divided into two sentences. There was some repetition of word like â€Å" Abuse and neglect†, â€Å"albeit†, and â€Å"learned† that did not give a very good impression. Synonyms could have been used. There were some sentences that were poorly constructed like on pg 1† I knew I was a compassionate, sensitive, caring person and was often told by friends that I was easy to talk to† could have been written as I knew I was a compassionate, sensitive, caring and was often told by friends that I was someone who is easy to talk to, On pg 3 â€Å"I felt certain that if I encountered domestic violence, I too, could become a victim by merely being in the wrong place at the wrong time† could have been written as I felt certain that if encountered domestic violence, I too, could become a victim by merely being in the wrong place at the wrong time and on pg 10 â€Å"In situations where I couldn’t relate to a particular event, I explored my own feelings about the situation and handled it the best way I could with patience, tolerance and a sense of humor† as In situations where I couldn’t relate

Geoffrey Chaucer Impact History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Geoffrey Chaucer Impact History - Research Paper Example The present research has identified that the Canterbury tales started with the names of the people going to Canterbury for pilgrimage and moved on to the stories of each individual narrating the personal story during the journey. The writer had written the story of each pilgrim with much detail regarding their jobs, personal behavior and style of outfits having historical relevance and with the perspective of the community. It is because of the reason that Canterbury tales had become the most popular and greatest work of English writing that every historian must have read. The major reasons behind the popularity is the deep insight of the subject and the changes of fourteen century had been mentioned with perfection regarding religion, social aspects and gender differences. In 1343, Chaucer came into this world in Great Britain as a middle class family member but he spent his life in the ruling aristocratic home. During his lifetime he understood the difference and realities of the u pper class and middle class and their bonding with the lower class. This deep understanding made his mind clear and resulted in finesse in writing and clearly stated differences with perfection and amuse regarding social class. His writings also revealed the changes in society. Chaucer was a highly qualified writer although; this quality was not popular among the writers of that century belonging to a middle class. The Canterbury tales had the storyline of pilgrims on their way to their destiny. The story was initiated by the writer in 1387 and continued writing it till his death in 1400. However, the whole story was not fully complete, but there was tales in it with complete meaning and became the leading stories not for that century but for the entire centuries. In the starting of the Canterbury tales, the writer had expressed his views about the non acceptance of rules and regulations by new generation from the old ones. For example: in tale â€Å"general prologue†, the kn ight was explained as honest, accurate and noble and opposite to him was his son with the following of the footsteps of the father. The son was getting the same training as his father but he was more inclined towards arts like writing poetry and singing instead of showing valor and courage as his father. The whole writing showed the changes circumstances than the medieval period as mentioned by historians regarding the knighthood in a country. Chaucer story also mentioned the literature and poetry as the vital parts of the England’s society at that time period that revealed more about the knighthood changes. While the writer was writing over this story during that century, the knighthood was losing its charm and importance in the England. Representation of changing role of society The Canterbury tales did not only explain the changing of society’s role for the high and ruling class but also the change of ideas and controversies regarding the religion in fourteen centur y. The main idea of the Canterbury tales was to explain the pilgrims going on a pilgrimage. Thus, the main concept described the importance of religion in England at that time among the society. According to justice, pilgrimage is travel to the place of worship or tomb of saint by the Christians. The story based on the pilgrims belonged to the clergy. The latest writers can get the better understanding of the people working in the church at that time by reading the tales and can also get to know about the valuable items for the male and female members of clergy during fourteenth century. Religious perspective of Chaucer Chaucer’s described the character of the person in a much detailed and clear tone. In medieval period, parson was known to be as the best clergyman.

Crimes Against the Public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crimes Against the Public - Essay Example On most occasions when dialogue does not bear fruit, agitators opt to go rioting thus distracting public peace. In that regard, the following case briefs will shed some light on how various previous cases involving the same were handled. This will guide on how to look at the two happenings that involved offences against the public. Crimes Against the Public Introduction Crimes against the public are those intentional acts and behaviors that tend to disrupt the order in which the members of the public run their daily operations (public order). The Law checks to ensure that minimum standards of decency and civility must be upheld by all individuals as long as they are in public. For that reason, there are set rules and guidelines which must be observed by all members of the public which attract respective penalties upon breach. The following are some case briefs. Case briefs Edward v. South Carolina, 372 U.S. 229 (1963) Facts of the case: A peaceful demonstration was organized by 187 A frican-Americans to South Carolina State House grounds. The protestors divided themselves into small groups as they pushed to convey their grievances against policies of segregation in their state. This process did not disrupt the normal activities of the public and everything ran normally and no property was destroyed. This demonstration was however disrupted by thirty police officers who ordered the protesters to stop or be arrested. The students defied the order and instead chanted songs of freedom and patriotism. This led to their arrest and conviction for disruption of peace. Issues present in the case: Was the arrest of the protestors in violation of their rights and freedoms to express themselves, to gather to push for their grievances as provided for in the First and Fourteenth Amendments? Decision: The court’s ruling was that the arrest violated the marcher’s right of speech, press and assembly. Reasoning: It was held that the arrest and conviction of the marc hers was against their rights. The Court could not clearly identify the crime alleged against the protestors. The evidence provided was insufficient and did not portray acts of violence. Therefore the judge for the case ruled that there was a violation of constitutional rights by arresting the peaceful protestors. Justice Stewart said that the protestors were only exercising the First Amendment rights and that the state was not allowed to criminalize protests against controversial rules. Dissenting opinions: there were no dissenting opinions regarding this case and the court went by the judge’s ruling. Looking at the above cited case, (Edwards v. South Carolina 372 U.S. 229 (1963), 1963) we find that these marchers pushed for their grievances peacefully and did not destroy public property nor blocked traffic. It was because of that that the court regarded their acts as an exercise of constitutional rights. However, it was a different case altogether where two angry students s ent e-mails to Texas government agencies with threats to blow up a building in protest over U.S. involvement in several controversial international issues. The students were arrested and charged with threats to use weapons of mass destruction. In this case, the government did not succeed in convicting the students because the threat to blow up a building was just an expression of their thoughts (U.S. v Wise, 221 F.3d 140 (5th Cir.200), 2000). They would not be convicted because there wasn’

Illegal Leisure and its Implications Essay Example for Free

Illegal Leisure and its Implications Essay Leisure plays a very important role in the life of an individual. However, when an individual gets involved in leisure activities that are illegal, whatever the reason, it becomes counterproductive. Illegal leisure is rightly so for reasons that could take dimensions of the nature of health, social or religious inclinations. Nevertheless, the utter disregard of the illegality of the entire illegalized leisure activities would have far reaching negative ramification than is perceived. There are vast forms of illegal leisure activities. However, the legality and the illegality of the leisure are adequately defined under the rules of the concerned agency (Bull, C. , Hoose, J. and Weed, M. 2003, p 39). There are some illegal practices that are more ethically prescribed as illegal than are documented in any legal documents. Despite lack of documentation, some leisure activities are utterly illegalized by the conscience of the person undertaking them. Though there are countries and states that have legalized prostitution such as Netherlands, the practice predisposes the individual various risks. To begin with, the word prostitution in itself presents societal misfit. Individuals who are perceived or who are involved in the practice tend to be delineated from the society (Harris, D. 2005 p 69). They are treated with utter disrespect, disregard and the least integrity by society. Though the prostitutes take it as their daily chore, those who come in for the services ideally take it as leisure. In addition the prostitutes, be they male or female get predisposed to infection of sexually transmitted diseases; particularly when preventive measures are not taken. Besides, particularly where those involve have one of them who is married, risks the marriage of those involved in a number of perspectives. First, if the partner does realize, he/she may opt for a divorce, subsequently this may jeopardize the family unit. Besides, the services offered by prostitutes are utterly delinked from the public limelight. This makes these services relatively expensive (Bull, C et al 2003 p 112). This affects the family income in instances where those involved include a married individual. Further, the entire cycle becomes even more vicious, hence making the family suffer at the expense of the prostitutes. If the whole practice is viewed from a religious perspective, whether it is Islamic, Christian or Buddhists, the practice is utterly unreligious. Homosexuality is also taken as an illegal practice. According to the research HIV/Aids was first diagnosed amongst homosexuals (Harris, D. 2005 p 101). Like in cases of prostitution, there are numerous sexually transmitted diseases that are infected through homosexual practices. Furthermore the entire practice is quite unhygienic. While this is taken more often as a pleasurable activity, it needs to be appreciated that there is the least pleasure in the entire act. The aforementioned not withstanding, the practice finds the least grounding in religious cycles. There are certain people in society that revere smoking of bhang and marijuana. Ideally, they see this as a leisure act. World over, this practice has been pronounced illegal, yet people want to hide and engage in the practice. Medically, this practice causes diverse effects. First, the individuals who smoke for longer periods have higher tendencies for bronchitis. Bhang smokers have their lungs blackened, this affects the respiratory system. For male user of bhang, research has shown a high redundancy in their likelihood of having children. Apparently, the testosterone hormones are depressed in the blood of the user’s of bhang. This ordinarily inhibits the reproductive function of the addict. Ideally there is a decrease in the sperm motility of the bhang user besides the sperm count being lower. Cell functions are equally impeded through the use of cannabis sativa. It is medically proven that the long users of cannabis sativa tend to have numerous broken chromosomes hence leading to malformed offspring. In addition, there are serious implication on the part of the users as the there is inherent suppression of the immune response of the individual. This is as a result of the interference with genes that normally regulate the defense cells. Further, individuals who use marijuana suffer from hallucinations and illusions. Mostly, they have difficulties in recalling events; they are slow in thinking and have a narrow attention span. At chronic stages, the individually usually suffer from mental and physical lethargy. At the very extreme, there are changes in the brain of the user, research does indicate that young heavy user have their brain size reduced. Though the illegal activities seem very pleasurable, this very first perception of their pleasurability makes their probable control even more challenging. Evidently, the practice has far reaching ramifications on the individuals that are into the entire practice. But then how well can the practice be expunged from society, particularly when it purely done in secret (Harris, D. 2005 p 64). This challenge pecks numerous issues at hand. There are several cases where prostitution is done in private premises, implying there is the least room for accessing the premises in seeking redress. It is virtually impossible to identify a homosexual amongst a group of individuals. This presents a technical part for curbing the practice (Bull, C et al 2003 p 161). Besides, a further interrogation into the likely suspects simply implies infringement into the rights of the individual. Ideally, I feel the illegal leisure activities should be made legal, thereafter; the activities should have numerous suctions in the form of taxes to scare off possible users. While, there could be those who have all the requisite resources for the practice, ultimately the number of those engaging in the activities will be substantially reduced.

Requirement Model For Student Monitoring Systems

Requirement Model For Student Monitoring Systems The focus of this study is to get a good requirement model for Student Attendance Monitoring Systems (SAMS) in secondary school. It is aimed at system designer who want to know how to design an efficient SAMS. At the end of this study, a SAMS prototype will be designed based on the requirement model and also analyze user acceptance of this system. A generation ago, either in principle or in practice, attendance was not optional. Today, often in principle and almost in practice, it is optional (Romer, 1993). According to Lim, Sim and Mansor (2009), most educational institutions administrators are concerned about student irregular attendance. Shendell et al. (2004) defines it can affect student in overall academic performance. Romer (1993) found that attendance did contribute significantly to the academic performance of students. There are a slightly stronger relationship between attendance and performance. Also, Durden Ellis (1995) conclude that attendance does matter for academic achievement. Thus, it makes student attendance mandatory in schools (Romer, 1993), (Woltz, 1955). Yet, almost everyone noticed that attendance in schools is far from perfect (Romer, 1993). There have a lack of school attendance data and a lack of consistency in the definition and measurement of non-attendance (Bourke, Rigby Burden, 2000). Large schools are more likely to have problems with student attendance than small ones (Epstein Sheldon, 2002). Everyday, school staffs spends much time to handle students attendance. There are many problems when recording data manually (Richard, 2005). Sometimes, the attendances record books were missing. In real situation, it is hard for school staffs to search students record by looking at attendances record books one by one. School staffs usually spend much time to find the students record especially when there are many classes in the school. Furthermore, parents may miss to get any information or letter from schools when their children didnt attend to school. According to Epstein Sheldon (2002), high school staffs communications with parents about attendance can increased student attendance and reduced chronic absenteeism. Hence, by creating school attendance system is one of the best solutions to address this problem. The system should help school staffs to take attendance for student especially in secondary schools. It must make the process of taking the attendance easier, faster and secure as compared to conventional method. The conventional method of taking attendance by calling names or signing on paper is very time consuming, inefficient, and insecure (Ervasti, Isomursu, Kinnula, 2009), (Lim, Sim Mansor, 2009). It is a one way that helps teachers or school staffs reducing the taken time to carry out routine processes and enable them connected with parents by sending real-time information on their childrens attendance immediately if students are not-attended to school more than the limit. Thus, teacher have more time for teaching. (Ervasti, Isomursu, Kinnula, 2009). Problem Statement In schools, attendance is important and mandatory. Nowadays, due to enlarge of information technology environment, it is efficient to use School Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS) to manage attendance in secondary schools. In recent years, system designers have expands many ways and characteristics in design a good system. The problem of this study is to identify important characteristics to design a good SAMS, set up a requirement model, and build a prototype for testing user acceptance. The requirement model must meet the user needs, goals and constraints in order to determine the important feature, relations and design implications. The requirement must be specify clearly about what and how the SAMS should perform. Objectives To create a SAMSs requirement model for secondary school. To design and build a prototype of SAMS. To help other system developer within related area. Scope The study will be conducted within the Kampar district, Perak. All schools chosen for survey will be secondary schools only. Similarly, there are nine secondary schools in Kampar district (sample size). People who manage secondary school organizations are the only respondents of the study. The population is between 15 to 25 or more school staffs. The particular focus areas of the study would include attendance system which is already used in secondary schools. LITERATURE REVIEW According to Epstein Sheldon (2002), reducing the rates of student chronic absenteeism has been and continues to be a goal of many schools and school systems. In 1999, a student tracking system involving a database is being trialed in government and non-government schools Western Australia (Bourke, Rigby Burden, 2000). The student tracking system involved a set of processes, procedures and systems which can identify and monitor the location of students. In the Torres Strait schools, they used a system called Student Information Management System (SIMS). The SIMS provides a good quality data regarding student attendance. This computer-based system collates individual class attendance records on a weekly basis (Bourke, Rigby Burden, 2000). The relationship between staffs and parents was seen as vitally important by parents and principals. The student survey results indicated that attendance levels were significantly higher among students when teachers got in touch with their parents to talk about how they were going at school (Bourke, Rigby Burden, 2000). Therefore, in schools where students have attendance problems, school staffs may need to go beyond the school building to involve parents in reducing absenteeism (Epstein Sheldon, 2002). Hence, student attendance monitoring system should help school staffs and parents easy to communicate. There are varieties of opportunities for implementing IT in management education. Technology can be used to facilitate the display of information, to increase access to external explicit information, and to increase the sharing and construction of knowledge (Leidner Jarvenpaa, 1995) but some of the use of this technology is not yet widespread, efficient and practical for implementation of data management (Wayman, et. al., 2004). Implementation of an application system can present many unforeseen challenges. The first step toward implementing a student data analysis system should be to thoroughly assess the data, needs, and resources available to a school or district. The successful implementation is important for the long-term development of a data based decision-making climate (Wayman, et. al, 2004). Fig. 1 shows the model for integrated functional requirement which has been explained by Malet et al. (2007) Figure 1: Model for Integrated Functional Requirement In Fig. 1, functions can be linked with specific processes. The technical realization of functions takes place in these processes. Functions can also be related to specific positions in the product structure. As a result of linking the requirements with functions, functions to processes and the product structure, an indirect relation between requirements, processes and the product structure has been established (Malet et al., 2007). There are many views of softwares development or development process though that has evolved over the years. What follows is a brief discussion of the theories of the software development process that recently used today. The first formal description of the software development process model is published in 1970 by Winston W. Royce. Below is one of the software development processs model: Figure 2: Conceptual model of software development process According to Royce (1970), firstly, developer must analyze user requirements. After that, make requirement specifications by clearly set out necessary features of system based on user requirement. Then, developer can design a suitable solution and do implementation by develop the proposed solution. In addition, developer must test the system to ensure that the solution solves the original problem and works in context. Lastly, developer must maintain the system. METHODOLOGY Fig. 3 shows the requirement modeling process which has been explained by Malet et al. (2007) Figure 3: Requirement modeling process The first step is elicitation of requirements. The requirements will be based on collected data. The sites are the secondary school managing departments. The sampling frame will be based on the list of the secondary schools within area of Kampar district, Perak. The sample size will be nine secondary schools. The population is between 15 to 25 or more employees including principal, clerks, and teachers. The method of data collection is by questionnaire and interview. According to Creswell (1994), measurement instrument can helps in get a quantifiable data. A questionnaire will be given to each employee within the sampling to get employees personal details, personal experiences of using any school attendance system, problem with existing attendance system and an opinion or suggestion for the future systems developer. The purpose of the study and how to answer the questionnaire will be explained to the employees under study. During interview session, the informants will be selected ind ividuals within the sample employees who had an experience of using any school attendance system. The second step is analyzing the requirements. All user requirements will be investigated. The data will be analyzed and displayed using SPSS 16.00. The percentage, the mean and statistic formula (ANOVA) will be used when describing the data. It will be interpreted and translated into a form that suitable for other developer (sequence diagram, activity diagram, class diagram etc.). A requirement specifications model will be defined by clearly set out necessary features of SAMS. The third step is managing the requirements. In this step, a prototype of SAMS will be design and built based on user requirement model by using several types of tool such as Dreamweaver CS4, Photoshop CS4 and etc. The programming language that will be used for building the system is PHP. During this system development lifecycle, requirements might be change and evolve. These changes need to be tracked and traced (Malet et al., 2007). Lastly, the fulfillment of requirements needs to be validated with virtual or physical tests. A product is deemed successful (by means of satisfying the customer) if all requirements are fulfilled (Malet et al.,2007). SAMS will be tested to ensure that the solution solves the original problem and integrate the system to make sure that the solution will working in circumstance. The user acceptance testing will be done by choosing user randomly within the sample. Requirements modeling takes place in all phases of product development. More emphasis needs to be put on later development phases such as usage, recycling and maintenance. The knowledge gained in these phases, once included in the development process, can accelerate the development of new products (Malet et al.,2007). EXPECTED FINDINGS At the end of this study, the requirement model can help any system designers to design good SAMS for secondary schools. They will know how to design useful, usable and desirable SAMS such as in the system should contain the right functions, secure and must be user friendly. SAMS should contain all these basic needs of attendance system. Below shows the flow of Students Attendance Monitoring Systems (SAMS): 1 Record attendance 2 Check attendance 3 Process data 4 Save data 5 Send email Figure 4: The flow of Students Attendance Monitoring Systems (SAMS). SAMS should helps school staffs records students attendance, checks either student is present or absent, process the attendance data, save it and send an email to the parents if student was absent more than three days. SIGNIFICANCE The aimed of requirement model for Student Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS) is to help system designer in designing a good attendance system and also conduct them to develop the attendance system in the future. Attendance system are important because can gives many benefit to schools such as security on attendance, reduce work time on taking attendance and create connection between school staffs and parents. CONCLUSION There is no comprehensive and generally accepted manual on how to design good human factors into computer systems (Shackel, 1984) but there are a lot of guideline on how to design a system. However, this requirement model can guide any system designers who want straightly focus to design Student Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS). Creativity and innovation are required to make a great SAMS. The system should be usable. Usability consists of many pieces such as system performance, system functions, user interfaces organization and so on. REFERRENCES Bourke, C. J., Rigby, K., Burden J. (2000). Better Practice in School Attendance: Improving the School Attendance of Indigenous Students. Commonwealth of Australia. 1-62. Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. Durden, G. C. Ellis, L. V. (1995). The Effects of Attendance on Student Learning in Principles of Economics, The American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundredth and Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Economic association Washington, 85(2), 343-346. Epstein, J. L., Sheldon, S. B. (2002). Present and Accounted for: Improving Student Attendance Through Family and Community Involvement. Educational Research and Improvement. 95(5). 308- 318. Ervasti, M., Isomursu, M., Kinnula, M. (2009). Bringing Technology into School NFC-enabled School Attendance Supervision. ACM 978-1-60558-846-9 09 Leidner, D. E. Jarvenpaa S. L. (1995). The Use of Information Technology to Enhance Management School Education: A Theoretical View. MIS Quarterly: Special Issue on IS Curricula and Pedagogy, 19(3), 265-291. Lim, T. S., Sim, S. C. Mansor, M. M. (2009). RFID Based Attendance System, Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ISIEA 2009), 2, 778-782. Maletz, M., Blouin, J. G., Schnedl, H., Brisson, D., Zamazal, K. (2007). A Holistic Approach for Integrated Requirements Modeling in the Product Development Process. The Virtual Vehicle-Research Center, Graz, Austria. 1-10. Richard, L. (2005). Handling Qualitative Data: A Practical Guide. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. Romer, D. (1993). Do Students Go to Class? Should They?. Journal of Economics Perspectives, 7(3), 167- 174. Royce, W. W. (1970). Managing the Development of Large Software Systems. Proceedings IEEE WESCON. 1-9. Shackel, B. (984). Information Technology: A challenge to ergonomics and design. Behaviour and Information Technology. 3. 263-275. Shendell, D. G., Prill, R., Fisk, W. J., Apte, M. G., Blake, D. Faulkner, D. (2004). Associations between Classroom CO2 Concentrations and Student Attendance in Washington and Idaho. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: LBNL Paper LBNL-54413. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/88r0924r Wayman, J. C., Stringfield, S., Yakimowski, M. (2004). Software Enabling School Improvement Through Analysis Of Student Data. Research on the Education of Students, 67. Woltz, C. K. (1955). Compulsary Attendance at School. Law and Comtemporary Problems. 20(1), 3-22.

Enzymatic Functioning in Bromelain from Pineapple Juice

Enzymatic Functioning in Bromelain from Pineapple Juice William Nguyen Introduction An enzyme is a biological catalyst that accelerates specific chemical reactions. It converts substrates into specific products. Most enzymes are proteins and hence have a three-dimensional structure of folded polypeptide chains. Enzymes have an optimal temperature and pH range in which they function most effectively. If changes occur that remove the enzyme out of this range it may not function effectively. This principle forms the basis of this experimental design where the increasing temperature results in the denaturing of the enzymes found in bromelain and thus lowering its catalytic effectiveness. Bromelain is a protein extract present in the fruit, leaves and stems of pineapple plants (Ananas comosus). Although it is present in all parts of the pineapple plant, the stem is the most bromelain rich part that also makes it the most common commercial source of bromelain (Rowan, Buttle Barrett, 1990, p.869-875)1. The crude aqueous extract from the pineapple fruit is known as bromelain. It is in fact a mixture of different thiolendopeptidases and other components like phosphatases, glucosidases, peroxidases, cellulases, glycoproteins, carbohydrates and protease inhibitors (Maurer, 2001, p.1234-1245)2. It is also known that the enzymes in the bromelain extract begin to denature when heated over 80 °C (Jutamongkon Charoerein, 2010, p943-948)3. Since bromelain is essentially a mixture composed of many different enzymes, its substrate spectrum is very broad. It extends from synthetic low molecular amides and dipeptides up to high molecular substrates such as fibrin, gelatin, casein and bradykinin (Cooreman, 1978, p.107-121)4. Pineapples are an excellent source of the trace element manganese which acts as an essential cofactor for many of the enzymes found in bromelain. In addition, thiamine also acts as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions central to energy production in bromelain (Joy, 2010, p.67 0-686)5. Historically, bromelain has been extracted and utilised for medicinal purposes by the natives of South and Central America. In modern society, bromelain has been proven to be effective at tenderising meat and as such, is sold commercially as powdered meat tenderisers. It has also earned universal acceptability as a phytotherapeutical drug because of its history of safe use and no side effects. In 1972, conclusive evidence that bromelain prevents aggregation of blood platelets was reported by Heinicke et al (1972, p.844-845)6. Bromelain also displays an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect on soft tissue injuries especially in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It has also been found to dramatically reduce post-operative swelling and pain due to these properties (Leipner, Iten Saller, 2001, p.779-789)7. Additionally, bromelain applied topically as a cream in a lipid base has shown beneficial characteristics in the debridement of eschar from severe burns and in the acceleratio n of healing. It has been commercially approved in Europe and sold under the trade name NexoBrid (Hauck, Chang Klein, 1983, p.124-134)8. Aim and Hypothesis This experiment aims to qualitatively identify the enzyme functioning found in commercially sold canned pineapple juice using background information provided by previous experiments. The rate at which gelatin is degraded in this experiment by the bromelain provides an indication of the rate of enzyme activity. The fresh pineapple sample is known to be rich in bromelain and as such, will hypothetically result in a significant amount of gelatin degradation. Boiling the pineapple juice sample over 80 °C will result in the denaturing of enzymes and should display little to no degradation of the gelatin. The canned sample in question may not display any degradation as it has undergone processing that may have disturbed the natural functioning of the enzymes in bromelain. Materials 15 test tubes 12 petri dishes 3 test tube racks 3 metal tongs 3 plastic bottles 1 thermometer 1 timer 1 macropipette 1 straw Hot water baths (35oC, 45oC, 50oC, 60oC and 90-100oC) 1 stirring rod 1 razor 1 ruler 1 fine black marker 1 water bath 1 electronic balance 1 pineapple 1 pineapple juice bottle 100g gelatin powder Methods Part A: Determining the degree of enzymatic functioning in canned pineapple juice Preparation phase/Pre-lab Place gelatin and hot water into 250mL jug and mix with stirring rod until gelatin has dissolved Pour equal amounts into 12 labelled petri dishes and place in the cool room to set for a day Make 3 pits in each dish by extracting gelatin using a straw when setting has complete Draw, measure and record the diameter of the pit made using a black marker on to the bottom of a petri dish Repeat step 4 for all petri dishes Buy a can of pineapple juice and extract 15mL of the juice into a plastic bottle labelled canned pineapple juice Purchase a fresh pineapple and cut into slices using Juice all pineapple slices and boil half the juice collected Place 15mL of boiled juice in a bottle labelled boiled pineapple juice and 15mL into a bottle labelled fresh pineapple juice Proteolytic gelation phase Divide the gelatin-petri dish samples up into 4 groups: control, boiled, canned and fresh. Leave the controlled petri dish absent of pineapple juice Pipette 3 drops of the labelled juices into corresponding petri dishes. Allocate one team member per variable group to minimise qualitative discrepancies Cover the petri dishes and allow reactions to occur for 120 minutes at room temperature Post-proteolytic gelation phase Remove cover from petri dishes and describe/record physical differences of each group. Tip any remaining juices out of the petri dishes Draw new circles around the post-liquid pits, measure and record the new diameters into results table Part B: Measuring the effect of temperature on enzymatic functioning in bromelain Preparation phase/Pre-lab Place gelatin and hot water into 250mL beaker and mix with stirring rod until gelatin has dissolved Allow the gelatin to set in the cool room for a day Cut out five 1.0 x 1.0cm cubes of gelatin using a razor blade Allocate each cube a number from 1-10 Weigh and record the weight of each cube into the results table Proteolytic gelation phase Label five test tubes from 1-5 with a black marker Place 10mL of fresh pineapple juice into each test tube Heat test tube 1 using a water bath heated at 35oC for 10 minutes Remove the test tube from the water bath, using tongs, and place into test tube rack Allow the test tube to cool down to room temperature by using a thermometer Repeat steps 3-5 using test tubes 2-5 at temperatures 45oC, 50oC, 60oC and 90oC. Placing test tubes in a bucket of crushed ice may quicken the cooling process Place allocated cubes of gelatin into respective tubes and allow to sit for 20 minutes Separate juice from the gelatin cubes and rinse with distilled water Allow gelatin cubes to completely dry Weigh the gelatin cubes and record variances in results table Results Table 1. Degree of enzymatic functioning in various types of pineapple juice Table 1 depicts data taken from part A of the experiment. Three trials were run for each type of juice to ensure reliable results. It is apparent that there is a large change in the diameter of the fresh pineapple juice samples compared to the other types tested. Whilst canned pineapple juice displayed a lower degree of change, the boiled sample however seemingly gained gelatin. The control sample did not display any changes in the diameter of the pit. Figure 1. Step 1 of the proteolytic gelation phase (Part A) Figure 2. Step 3 of the proteolytic gelation phase (Part A) Recorded Observations Many air bubbles were formed during the pipetting of juices into the gelatin pits The diameter of the gelatin pits appeared to remain the same after a period of 120 minutes for canned, control and boiled pineapple juice Visible changes in hole size observed in fresh pineapple juice samples Table 2. Effect of temperature on enzymatic functioning in bromelain Table 2 depicts data taken from part B of the experiment. Like part A, three trials were made for each variable to ensure reliable data. As temperature applied to the juice increases, it is evident that the degree of weight loss of the gelatin decreased. However, test tube 2 displayed a result that deviated from this trend as the weight loss (%) dropped then rose again. The control sample displayed the highest amount of weight loss of the gelatin cube. The trend (not inclusive of the control) is represented in the figure below. Figure 3. Effect of temperature on enzymatic functioning in bromelain ­Ã‚ ­ Figure 4. Step 3 of proteolytic gelation phase (Part B) Figure 5. Step 4 of proteolytic gelation phase (Part B) Recorded Observations Fresh pineapple juice retained a cloudy, yellow colour with froth formation on the surface of the juice During the cooling period, the pineapple pulp separates from the liquid and forms two distinct layers Gelatin cubes that were dropped into the test tubes rise to the top of the solution with pulp sediments resting on the bottom of the test tube Discussion Part A It was supported by the results in Table 1 that fresh pineapple juice displayed a larger degree of enzymatic functioning compared to the other three sample types (boiled, canned and control). This is depicted through the change in the diameter of the gelatin pit. Enzymes in bromelain work to break down the gelatin and the larger the pit, the greater the functioning of those enzymes. The fresh pineapple juice sample showed an 18.18% change in the diameter of the gelatin pit. The canned pineapple juice had a lower degree of change (5.49%). This may have stemmed from the preparation and processing of the juice that may have altered the integrity of the bromelain in the juice. It may have been subject to heating to sterilise the juice that may have caused the denaturing of the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of gelatin. The boiled pineapple juice presented data that goes against the principle of bromelain breaking down gelatin. With a change in diameter of -1.18%, it has actually ‘gained’ gelatin after the proteolytic gelation phase. Since it is known that bromelain is responsible only for the degradation of gelatin, it is impossible for it to produce gelatin. Thus, this miscalculation may only have resulted from human error in marking and measuring the diameter. The marker used in this specific experiment produced rather thick lines relative to the small diameters that were measured. Use of a finer tipped marker may have minimised the chances of such inaccuracies to occur. The control sample involved a set of gelatin plates with no pineapple juice added. This was made to ensure that the pineapple juice was responsible for the degradation of the gelatin. If the control displayed a change in the diameter of the gelatin pits, then the experiment would be deemed invalid as more than one factor contributes to the degradation of gelatin besides bromelain. In accordance to the results, the control group displayed no changes to the gelatin pits. Part B Part B of the experiment explores the effect of temperature on the enzymatic functioning of bromelain. From the data recorded in Table 2, an increase in temperature applied to the juice corresponds to the decrease in the functioning of the enzymes as depicted through the amount of weight the gelatin cube lost. This trend is illustrated in Figure 1. Whilst there is an overall decrease in weight loss associated with increased temperature, there is an outlier at 45oC. Although this variable was repeated thrice, it still remained inconsistent relative to the data set. Such an error may have occurred with the apparatus provided on the day of the experiment where there were only three water baths provided (37oC, 50oC and 90oC). The experiment design took into account the equipment available that was provided in the laboratory manual that offered water baths at 35oC, 45oC, 50oC, 60oC and 90oC. Hence, maintaining the pineapple juice at 45oC and 60oC using the apparatus provided was the most probable cause of the error. In the case of the 45oC variable, it may have been heated too strongly that resulted in the denaturing of many more enzymes compared to at 50oC and 60oC. To improve upon this error, water baths with temperatures corresponding to those given in the laboratory manual should be provided to ensure accurate quantitative data. As mentioned previously in the introduction, it is known from past experiments that the enzymes in bromelain begin to denature very quickly at 80oC (Jutamongkon Charoerein, 2010, p943-948)3. This experiment confirms the statement as the 90oC variable experienced a steep decline in weight lost that indicates a large degree of enzyme denaturing. Naturally, most enzymes have a temperature range that it functions most effectively at. However, this graph only portrays temperatures > 35oC, not covering a large range of temperatures that is able to point out the optimum temperature. Again, this was not able to be accounted for in the experimental design due to the limited apparatus provided. From the trend line in Figure 1, a linear decrease is shown. However, a bell curve is usually representative of the optimum temperature where very low temperatures result in decreased enzyme functioning and decreased weight loss. As the temperature increases the enzyme reaches its optimum level of functioning and results in a large amount of gelatin degradation. With temperature reaching higher levels, the enzymes begin to denature and cease to function which brings the levels of weight loss down again. Relative to this experiment, the optimum temperature is ideally oC. In addition, the control displayed the greatest amount of weight loss com pared to all the variables that were tested (36.14%). The control was not applied any heat but rather subject to room temperature which is ~20oC. This reinforces the notion that the optimum temperature of the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of gelatin is oC. To validate this statement, the experiment should be repeated again but with a wider range of temperatures to account for the bell curve trend that should occur to identify the optimum temperature. Reflective Comments This experiment on bromelain was performed by three persons including myself. The first part of this assessment task was performed individually as per instructions. After we completed this task, we got together and planned the experimental design. Each person was assigned a role in this activity where I was tasked with completing the risk assessment and drawing scientific diagrams. The other two collaborators were responsible for completing the methodology and the list of materials and equipment. When we had completed our tasks, we discussed each part together to come to a mutual agreement. Many modifications were made to all parts that were essential to keeping our experimental design valid. Designing this experimental protocol with my classmates was a pleasant experience as each one of us were committed and contributed to the project. During this part of the project, no significant difficulties were faced as we all worked through our tasks smoothly. To me, teamwork was already a no tion that I valued strongly, however this activity of getting together and completing such a large amount of work in so little time has definitely set that notion in stone. The approach to allocating tasks to different members was also done on the day of the experiment. An action plan was formulated with all the roles and times of the tasks that have been allocated and given to each member of the group. A great reason for doing this is so that we can minimise human error in repetitive tasks. For example, I had a role in heating the juices in the given hot water baths. If two of us were to heat it, one may have a different way of regulating the temperatures 45oC and 60oC (the temperatures not given) than the other member. Hence, we assigned such roles to be consistent with the method. It also maximises productivity so that all of us are working rather than one person work with the other looking on to see if they can help. The specific tasks that I have been allocated on this day was majority of Part B of the experiment. I was tasked with cutting the gelatin cubes, weighing and recording their weights, pipetting of juices into test tubes and heating the juices. After gelatin cubes have been dropped in and timed by another member, I removed, washed and dried the gelatin for the weighing process. In between my tasks where I had time I lent my assistance to my team members. At the end of the experiment we packed up the equipment and cleaned the lab bench so that we can sit down and discuss our results. The only minor problem experienced in this teamwork was the action plan. Some of the times allocated to specific tasks were under or overestimated. Although this is not necessarily a problem as we were provided three hours to conduct our experiment, it resulted in the clumping up of tasks where one member waited for another to finish their task to continue his/her own. Overall, I am very happy and satisfied with the outcomes of our team project (possibly the best team project I have ever had!). With minimal difficulties and great results, I would definitely proceed to approach teamwork like this in future projects. However, this method of teamwork is only suitable if all team members are committed to their roles. If one does not pull their weight and not complete their allocated roles, the group could fall apart. Hence, it would be best for me to find myself a group of dedicated individuals in future projects. References Rowan AD, Buttle DJ Barrett AJ, 1990. The cysteine proteinases of the pineapple plant, Biochem J, Volume 226, pp.869-875. 2 Maurer HR, 2001. Bromelain: Biochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal use, CMLS Cell Mol Life Sci, Volume 58, pp.1234-1245. 3 Jutamongkon R Charoerein S, 2010. Effect of Temperature on the Stability of Fruit Bromelain from Smooth Cayenne Pineapple, Kasetsart J, (Nat. Sci.), Volume 44, pp.943-948. 4 Cooreman W, 1978. Bromelain, In: Pharmaceutical enzyme Properties and Assay Methods, R Ruyssen and A Lauwers (Eds), E Story – Scienta Scientific Publishing Co. Gent/Belgium, pp.107-121. 5 Joy PP, 2010. Benefits and uses of pineapple, Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agricultural University), Vazhakulam, pp.670-686. 6 Heinicke RM, Van der Wal M and Yokoyama MM, 1972. Effect of bromelain on human platelet aggregation, Experientia, Volume 28, pp.844-845. 7 Leipner J, Iten F and Saller R, Therapy with proteolytic enzymes in rheumatic disorders, Biol Drugs, 2001, 15 (12), pp.779-789. 8 Hauck JC, Chang CM and Klein G, 1983. Isolation of an effective debriding agent from the stems of pineapple plants, Int J Tissue React, Volume 5, pp.125-134.

A Feminist Perspective of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay

A Feminist Perspective of Kate Chopin's The Story of an Hour Kate Chopin employs the tool of irony in "The Story of an Hour" to carefully convey the problem inherent in women's unequal role in marital relationships. Chopin develops a careful plot in order to demonstrate this idea, one not socially acceptable at the end of the 19th century, and unfortunately, a concept that still does not appreciate widespread acceptance today, 100 years later as we near the end of the 20th century. Louise Mallard's death, foreshadowed in the initial line "Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble" takes on quite a different meaning when the plot twists and the context of her sudden death is presented unexpectedly, not upon her shock at her husband's death, but instead in her inability to endure the fact that he lives. While Chopin's employment of irony presents a socially unaccepted concept in a more acceptable format, it is the author's use of perspective that increases the impact of her message. Chopin's point might be lost, perhaps entirely, if the reader were not informed from Louise's viewpoint. While the other characters are oblivious to her actual joy in death, although it is described as such "When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease - of joy that kills," their definition of this joy equates to her love for her husband. In contrast, because Chopin writes from the perspective of Louise, we understand that the intermittent love she feels for her husband, love itself dismissed as the "unsolved mystery," pales in comparison to the joy she feels upon the discovery that she can now live with the "possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being." .. ...for his wife Louise, Chopin writes to stress the problematic assumption inherent in an unequal relationship in which one individual exercises their "powerful will" to bend others. Louise Mallard finds personal strength in her husband's death, ready to face the world as a whole person "She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday (prior to her husband's death) she had thought with a shudder that life might be long." The strength conveyed in the image of Louise carrying "herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory" is unmistakable. However, the irony that her husband lives, and therefore, she cannot, conveys the limited options socially acceptable for women. Once Louise Mallard recognizes her desire to "live for herself," and the impossibility of doing so within the bounds of her marriage, her heart will not allow her to turn back.

Birth Control :: Contraceptives, Birth Control Essays

The practice of birth control prevents conception, thus limiting reproduction. The term birth control, coined by Margaret SANGER in 1914, usually refers specifically to methods of contraception, including STERILIZATION. The terms family planning and planned parenthood have a broader application. METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL Attempts to control fertility have been going on for thousands of years. References to preventing conception are found in the writings of priests, philosophers, and physicians of ancient Egypt and Greece. Some methods, though crude, were based on sound ideas. For example, women were advised to put honey, olive oil, or oil of cedar in their vaginas to act as barriers. The stickiness of these substances was thought to slow the movement of sperm into the uterus. Wads of soft wool soaked in lemon juice or vinegar were used as tampons, in the belief that they would make the vagina sufficiently acidic to kill the sperm. The Talmud mentions using a piece of sponge to block the cervix, the entrance to the uterus. Sperm Blockage Several modern methods of birth control are practiced by creating a barrier between the sperm and the egg cell. This consists of the use of a chemical foam, a cream, or a suppository. Each contains a chemical, or spermicide that stops sperm. They are not harmful to vaginal tissue. Each must be inserted shortly before COITUS. Foams are squirted from aerosol containers with nozzles or from applicators that dispense the correct amount of foam and spread it over the cervix; creams and jellies are squeezed from tubes and held in place by a diaphragm or other device; and suppositories--small waxy pellets melted by body heat--are inserted by hand. More effective at keeping sperm and egg apart are mechanical barriers such as the diaphragm and cervical cap (both used with a spermicide), the sponge, and the condom. A diaphragm is a shallow rubber cup that is coated with a spermicide and positioned over the cervix before intercourse. Size is important; women need to have a pelvic examination and get a prescription for the proper diaphragm. The cervical cap, less than half the size but used in the same way, has been available worldwide for decades. It was not popular in the United States, however, and in 1977 it failed to gain approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); in 1988, the FDA again permitted its sale. The contraceptive sponge, which keeps its spermidical potency for 48 hours after being inserted in the vagina, was approved in 1983. Like the diaphragm and cervical cap, the sponge has an estimated effectiveness rate of about 85%. The devices only rarely produce side effects such as irritation and allergic reactions and, very rarely, infections. The condom, a rubber sheath, is rolled

Macbeth - Murder At Inverness Castle :: essays research papers

On Macbeth’s day of success he was greeted by three weird sisters, the witches, and in turn they said, the first witch to him, all hail to the thane of Gladis, this came as no surprise to him as he already held this title, the second witch then said to him, all hail thane of Cawdor, this interested him, he wondered why would he be made thane of Cawdor when the current thane of Cawdor was a noble gentleman, then came the turn of the third and ultimate witch, she said to Machbeth, all hail to the King, at this instant Machbeth was fascinated he was immediately over come with his ambition to become the King of Scotland. The three weird sisters left. A matter of seconds later Macbeth was told that he was to be thane of Cawdor, Macbeth now realised that the next prophecy was him becoming king. Next he is told by the king that he will be staying In his castle Duncan the King was to stay in Machbeth’s castle, was this a sign set up by the witches, Macbeth was either to wait u ntil Duncan died naturally or was he to kill him. Machbeth wrote a letter to his wife, lady Macbeth to tell her of the happenings on his day of success, now lady Macbeth realised what must be done, that when Duncan came that night he was to be killed and she would be made queen, Queen of Scotland. At this point lady Macbeth uses the comparison of the raven the bird of darkness, of death and of hell. At this point lady Macbeth speaks to the spirits of the witches, In her famous un-sex me speech, she asks the witches that for one night to take all her feminine qualities such as remorse compassion regret and sorrow, she says, come to my woman’s breasts and take my milk for gall, she does not even want the female quality to be able to give milk, because she feels that a woman does not have the ability to kill an innocent man, she wants all her qualities which will dis able her to kill Duncan taken from her. Now Macbeth returns to greet his wife, Lady Macbeth tells him Duncan comes here to night and explains that he must die and they were to kill him, She tells him to look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under, meaning to kill Duncan and take pleasure from it, stab him when he is already dead, but when the body is found act astonished like it suprises you and disgusts you.

A Different History- Analysis

A Different History By- Suajata Bhatt The poem ‘A Different History’ is set in India. In the first paragraph the poet describes how the world is developing at a fast pace and leaving behind culture, morals, value, spirituality etc. But India on the other hand has managed to sustain its tradition and modernity. â€Å"Great Pan is not dead; he simply emigrated to India Here, the gods roam freely Disguised as snakes or monkeys; every tree is sacred† Pan is the Greek god of nature. This reference to Greece and Pan could refer to two things.One of the possible interpretations is that- Rome, Greece and India are considered the hubs of spirituality and they have their own set of gods and goddesses. But over the years Greece has developed and consequently its people have lost faith in god. On the contrary, India continues to be highly spiritual and god fearing and the ‘Great Pan’ emigrating to India could connote how India continues to have faith and believe in god. Another explanation could be the love for nature and respect for the natural environment in India. Legend has it that Pan died due to the depletion of nature and animals in Greece.At the time this poem was written India was not a shade of what it is now and was known for its natural beauty and its peoples dependence and respect for nature. The next three lines seem to be mocking the Indian psyche of turning everything and everyone to god and creating a god for everything. The stereotypical Indian has a habit of using god’s name to get things done; associating every minute detail in his life to god and this is what I feel the poet is mocking. â€Å"And it is a sin to be rude to a book It is a sin to shove a book aside with your foot, sin to slam books down hard on a table, a sin to toss one carelessly across a room. † â€Å"You must learn how to turn the pages gently without disturbing Sarasvati, without offending the tree from whose wood the paper was made. â €  These lines describe the Indian culture, traditions and the values that are inculcated into kids at a young age. Sarasvati, who is considered the goddess of arts and knowledge, is, according to Hindu beliefs, resides in books. So books are respected (reference to mockery of Indian psyche) but in this case she is admiring this aspect of Indian culture.Books are considered an equivalent of god and touching god with your feet, slamming him et cetera is profanity. What the poet is trying to say in the first paragraph is that India is probably the only country in the world that have maintained its values, morals, culture and tradition and these have gone hand in hand with development. She also talks about the element of god being added to an array of things. Some of which, she thinks, are completely bizarre and others that she truly respects. â€Å"Which language has not been the oppressor’s tongue? Which language truly meant to murder someone? And how does it happen hat af ter the torture, after the soul has been cropped with a long scythe swooping out of the conqueror’s face- the unborn grandchildren grow to love that strange language. † I feel that the transition from the first paragraph to the second is not very good as the connection between the two themes is not evident. In my opinion the connection is that she is drawing a parallel between the pre- British India and the colonised India. She is using the English language as a representation of the colonised India and how it forgot or was made to forget its culture in the name of a ‘better future’ and ‘development’.Here, she refers to them as ‘oppressors’, ‘murderers’, but murderers of what? In my opinion murder in this context refers not just to taking lives but also the murder of spirits, souls and more relevantly cultures and customs. She seems to be blaming the British for the loss of the culture, customs, values, morals and in t his case language as well. She questions how despite all the damage done by the British we continue to speak the English language and have stopped speaking our mother tongue. This is the same language that was spoken by the people who destroyed out heritage and culture used .This is not only in reference to language but our love for anything ‘foreign’ and our disdain at our very own country and shame at our deep, brilliant and fascinating culture. But a poem is open to interpretation and the tone and the way it is said can change the meaning completely. While reading a poem it is important to analyse what background the poem has, the life of the poet how it is connected to her life. Sujata Bhatt, it was the first time I heard her name. She was born in Ahmedabad to a Gujarati family.She was brought up in Pune and then in 1968 at the age of twelve she shifted to the US. Currently she lives in Germany. Suajata Bhatt’s life is a complete contrast to the poem. In the poem she keeps talking about how we are forgetting our culture how we have been influenced by the ‘Conquerors’ et cetera. My first reaction to this was that she was a hypocrite. But then I realised that many times in life there are things that bother you, things that eat your insides but it is completely different and much harder to change or work against these things.I got to thinking that maybe Sujata Bhatt considers herself an example of the ‘unborn grandchildren’, maybe while writing this poem she had herself and her whole life in mind. Maybe she realised how she was losing contact with her motherland how she was losing the Indian in her. This poem could be a poem to reach out to the masses and try to make them understand the value of being in touch with your motherland and not commit the same mistake she had committed. This poem was written in the post colonial period.At a time when India was finding its bearings in the world. It was a time when India was still hung over from the British rule but at the same time it played the rebellious teen and tried to fight the natural course of things. When your country has been ruled by foreigners, colonisers for as many as three hundred years there are bound to be an influence on the country. The British ruled over many many generations of Indians and after a point of time the British way of living and approach in general started seeming normal to the Indians and they began to follow it.When the British left India in 1947 the youth were in an awkward predicament while they wanted to revive their culture and their lifestyle they continued to be westernised. Sujata Bhatt continuously emphasises the importance of a national identity not only in this poem but throughout. A national identity is what defines you globally. On the world map it is not the people who are visible it is the countries. Outside your territory your country plays a major part in your identity. The poet says that if you lo se your native habits, morals, values and culture your identity is depleted. * Arjun Nayar 9C

Unemployment

Donuts starting business in Argentina Till Penitence International Business Bachelor's Thesis Supervisor: Joan Aloofer School of Business Bachelor's Degree Program in International Business Nickel Campus Introduction Dunking' Donuts is an American global coffee chain based in Massachusetts, U. S. It's also known for its doughnuts. Dunking' Donuts has positioned itself as a high quality but still affordable fast-food outlet with full-day dining opportunities. Dunking' Donuts was founded by William Rosenberg in 1948, but its name was first Open Kettle.After one year name was changed to Kettle Donuts and in 1950 many adapted Dunking' Donuts as its name. Nowadays Dunking' Donuts is one of the leading coffee chain brands with over 11,000 restaurants all over the world. Dunking' Donuts was long time known mainly in America but in recent decades it has been opening cafe ©s all around the world, operating now in 33 different countries – it serves daily over 3 million customers. Dunk ing' Donuts have a great variety of different products, for instance 52 different donuts and over dozen different beverages. Dunking' Donuts.Dunking' Donuts got new owners in 2006 and those new owners outlined an extremely ambitious growth strategy, for example, they're trying to triple the size of Dunking' Donuts in next ten years. (M and S, 2009; http:// news. Dunderheads. Com, 2014) Argentina is one of the largest South American countries with population over 40 million. Its population is still growing, but fairly slowly because of the steadily declining birth rate. Argentina's border countries are Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. Argentina has been a big country of immigration during its history – it has been attracting especially people from Italy and Spain. Wry. Counterparts. Org n. D. ) During its history Argentina has faced a lot of economical issues – Argentina was once one of the wealthiest countries in the world, but it has been facing several e conomical downsides. Though the country has since been recovering pretty well, the pace of growth is disappointing – Argentina is now lagging behind most other emerging economies. (http://economic. Blobs. Anytime. Com/ 2009; http:// atmosphere. Com/, n. D. ) In this paper I'll be discussing about Dunking' Donuts' motivations for entering Argentina.I'll be using the PESTLE framework, which includes political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental aspects f the business context. Political one in 1976. Elections in 1989 meant that first time in 60 years, there was a civil president in the country. Nowadays there isn't a threat of military coups, but the democracy hasn't reach a stabile phase. (The Economist, 2014) (The Global Economy. Com, 2012) Christina Fernando De Kerchief has been a president in Argentina for nearly seven years. She represents the Statistics Party, which is one of the largest political parties in Argentina.Although there are two major pa rties in the congress of Argentina, there are all in all over 31 different political blocs. That makes having consensus extremely difficult. (www. Subcategories. Org/, n. D. ) Because of the big economical crisis in the beginning of 21st century, there was a period of civil unrest and rioting in Argentina. Reason for the uprising was president Fernando De la RÃ'Ëœa who failed to save Argentina from third year of recession – middle class started to upraise against him and his politics. There was a major social unrest growing because of the growing unemployment rates.The crisis peaked on November 29, 2001 , when Argentines outdraw millions of dollars and pesos from their bank accounts. Argentina actually had five presidents in Just two weeks in 2001. Www. En. Wisped. Org, n. D. ) Corruption is a major problem in politics too. All from the president to lower power players have been included in corruption crises, which is the reason why Argentina is ranked at 10th in Corruption I ndex behind countries like Mexico and Greece. (http://polycrystalline. Org, 2012) Political situation in Argentina isn't stabile or even near it.Corruption is a major problem and as Argentina is lacking of political consensus, starting business might be something to think once again. ECONOMIC 100 years ago Argentina actually had the fifth- largest economy in the world. But after overall bad policies and governments Argentina is far away from the largest economies nowadays. During the last few decades Argentinean have been facing many economical swings, all the way from financial crisis and hyperinflation to recession and boom periods. Last major downside was in the 2001-2002, when everything from unemployment rates to criminal peaked. (Wry. Domesticate. Mom, Only way to survive even somehow from the crisis in 2001 was to default and devalue. It has been said that it might have been the most responsible thing ever in Argentina's history. It did limit Argentina's growth because defaul ting cut it from the Actually Argentina has been recovering pretty well the past 13 years from one of its history hardest economical crises. Its GAP growth has been pretty high – especially before the international financial crises. (Wry. Marketing. Com, 2012) Even though Argentina has been recovering fairly well, its future doesn't seem to be as bright as it could be.High unemployment and inflation rates are likely to complicate future growth. And this summer 2014, Argentina defaulted once again. The situation isn't that bad as 2002 as there are still ongoing discussions with banks about shoring up the situation. Http://Americanizes. Saturdays. Com, 2014) Political and economical situation are walking hand in hand as we speak about Argentina. Both are pretty instable, with their ups and downs. At the moment entering to Argentina's markets might not be the best choice. Situation might be better after a few years as the international financial crisis is, or at least hopefully is getting better.SOCIAL Argentina is one of the most urbanize South American countries with several metropolitan areas. Greater Buenos Aries metropolitan area is one of the largest urban areas in the world – there are over 13 million people. Argentina's arbitration percent is over 90% and it has been growing by 1% each year, so it's actually the most urbanize country in Southern America. (HTTPS://www. CIA. Gob, 2014) As the birth rate has been declining, Argentina's growth of population hasn't been so rapid in recent years. Also because of that same reason, amount of inhabitants under 15 years has been shrinking.But fortunately population in ages 15-24 is nowadays largest in Argentina's history. Thanks to that, the working-age population is at the moment very high and will also stay like that pretty long. The amount of working-age population makes it possible for Argentina to have some kind of economic boost in future. (HTTPS://www. CIA. Gob, 2014) Total population by age gr oup and sex, 2010 and 2050 (http://superintendence. Org, 2014) Argentina's education system is mandatory from age 5 to 17, which is one reason why the total adult literacy rate is 97,9%.Nominally university studies are tuition – free and open for everyone, but hidden costs of education are often high, which causes that students need to have a full- time Job while they're studying. (http:// en. Wisped. Org, n. D. ) Argentina actually has one of the highest university drop- out eats. This might cause problems someday, because Argentina will lose motivated and energetic people Just because they can't finish their degrees in universities. (http://en. Wisped. Org, n. D. ) Food culture is very big in Argentina.Thanks to the immigrants from Europe, European food is popular in Argentina – especially Spanish and Italian cuisine. Argentinean consumes the second biggest amounts of beef in the world as it's considered to be the national food in Argentina. Also drink a drink called mate, which is a caffeine- infused drink, is very popular in Argentina. All in all the cafe © culture is gig in Argentina, people are meeting at cafe ©s for a cup of mate or an espresso. Cafe ©s are the heart and soul of urban culture in Argentina – those are places where people meet each other to discuss, watch soccer and socialize. (http://www. Vermiculite. Mom, n. D) Argentina used to have a very large middle class, but because of the recent downsides in the economics, a big part of the former middle- class people is now heading into poverty. Poverty in Argentina varies mostly according to region and provinces. Situations in the northern Argentina have been the worst. Nowadays the poverty rate is about 20% in average. Unemployment rate in Argentina has been extremely high – something near 20% – when the economical situation was in it's worst in the beginning of 21st century. In those times especially low-class people and indigenous people were sufferin g of unemployment.Nowadays unemployment rate stands between 7 – 8%. (http://www. Tragicomedies. Com, 2014; http:// en. Merciless. Com, 2014) All in all from a social aspect entering Argentina wouldn't be that bad decision. As the cafe © culture is strong, a coffee chain brand like Dunking' Donuts would probably be successful in Argentina. Cheap prices and cafe © culture would make it possible. Of course it would be important for Dunking' Donuts to think carefully to which regions to enter as economic situation in Northern parts has been challenging. Technological Argentina has a long history and tradition of technology and science.Also the public support for research and development (R&D) has been intensifying in the last decades. Argentina got loan for $24 in 2013 to fund scholarships for master's degrees and doctoral studies, and another loan for $200 to increase investments in innovation, research and development to improve competitiveness. There is actually a science and technology complex in Buenos Aries. Http://www. Dab. Org, 2011) development and expand its knowledge in science and technological development. Argentina is considered to have a great knowledge in biotechnology and that's actually one of the fields that Argentina is having cooperation with U.S. (http:// Argentina. Assembles. Gob, n. D) In the recent years there has been growth in the IT sector in Argentina, mainly thanks to U. S based companies that has been exploring the talent available in other countries such as Argentina, India and Israel. U. S companies have been extremely interested in Argentina's large number of well-trained engineers and advantages in outsourcing to Argentina. Technological and science situation in Argentina is highly positive. It is also expected to have a boost in near future because of the increasing amount of investments.Dunking' Donuts shouldn't have a problem with technological aspect in Argentina – highly educated people, investments and sta te support are positive things. (Wry. Marketing. Com, 2011) LEGAL Argentinean public confidence in Judiciary is fairly low because of the high level of corruption. The population in Argentina is pretty skeptical about the power of the judicial system to control crime, and they're seeing the police to be a part of the rime problems in Argentina. (http://www. Vermiculite. Com, n. D. ) Foreign investors have equal rights as the domestic investors to own business in Argentina.But because of the high rate of corruption among the high players, foreign companies prefer to include funds for private rather than deal with Argentina's courts. According to the World Bank and International Finance Corporation Enterprise Survey (2010), senior managers in Argentina have faced some problems and difficulties with the requirements of government regulations. Recently these kinds of regulations have been related to import and foreign exchange restrictions. Wry. Liberated. Com, 2011) As Dunking' Donuts rely mostly on franchising, Argentina's legal framework related to franchising is good for Dunking' Donuts.The parties can together reach agreements without any governmental intervention. The law doesn't specifically regulate these agreements – they're called UN-nominated agreements†. Franchising is an exception in Argentina among notary publics; usually there are always specific formalities or registration requirements. (HTTPS://www. Waynesboro. Com, n. D. ) The main problem in Argentina's legal situation is related to corruption and problems that it's causing. Courts aren't so trusted and police is considered to be one of the reasons for high crime rates.As the corruption has been increasing lately, Dunking' Environmental Environmental issues in Argentina are typical for developing countries: poor water and air quality, deforestation, and soil degradation. However there are many authorities that are trying to make things better. Also the government is trying to influe nce environmental issues; Argentina made a pledge with Paraguay to save one of the most threatened forests. Two governments agreed to work towards zero net deforestation in the Atlantic Forest. For instance Argentina will implement new land- use plans that are hoped to protect 1. 1 million hectares of the forest.There is also an environmental education program included in Argentina's primary and secondary education. The main reason for the environmental education program is to teach people some environmental awareness from the early ages. (http://WFM. Panda. Org/) (Wry. Marketing. Com, 2011 ; Poor water is probably one of the biggest problems in Argentina; there are several areas in Argentina that are lacking of non-polluted drinking water. There's still 11% of the population lacking without piped water. Buenos Aries has spent all of its aquifers and is now relying on the river ROI De La Plat to supply water needs.Unfortunately that river is threatened by significant pollution. Rece ntly people in Argentina have been putting pressure on the government because of the poor condition of the country's water supply. (http://www. Disheartening. Com, 2011; (http:// www. Observational. Org/) Dunking' Donuts states in its corporate social responsibility: We are dedicated to serving the basic needs of our local communities – from providing food for the hungry and support for children's health and wellness, to ensuring our spinsterhood are safe and secure† and † We recognize that everything we do has an impact on the environment.

Marketing Survey Form Essay

We are Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management students currently conducting a feasibility study with regard for a proposed foodservice business venture entitled as Silog Express which will offer variety of silog dishes like tapsilog, adsilog, chicksilog, embosilog, porksilog, etc. It will be located in front of Tomas Del Rosario College, San Jose, Balanga City, in partial fulfilment of our course requirement HRMG-413B Feasibility Study with Thesis. Due this, we prepared this questionnaire to gather necessary information which will be very beneficial to our study. May we request you to provide the necessary information for each of the following questions. Rest assured that any details provided will be treated with utmost confidentiality. Thank you very much! -Researchers Name (Optional): ____________________________ ____________ Gender: ________ Address/University/Company: ____________________________ ________ Age: ________ Put a check mark on the space provided for your answer. 1. Where you do usually ate breakfast? ( ) at home ( ) canteen ( ) restaurant/fast food others: ______ 2. Where you do usually ate lunch? ( ) at home ( ) canteen ( ) restaurant/fast food others: ______ 3. Where you do usually ate dinner? ( ) at home ( ) canteen ( ) restaurant/fast food others: ______ 4. How often do you eat at any restaurants/fast foods here in Balanga? ( ) twice a day ( ) daily ( ) weekly ( ) twice a week others: ______ 5. How much is your daily allowance? ( ) Php100 ( ) Php120 ( ) Php150 ( ) Php200 ( ) Php250 others: ______ 6. How much do you usually spent for food when eating in a fast food/restaurant here in Balanga? ( ) Php30-40 ( ) Php40-50 ( ) Php50-60 ( ) Php60-70 ( ) Php70-80 others: 7. Are you familiar with tapsilog, hamsilog, tosilog, chicksilog, porksilog, etc.? ( ) Yes ( ) No 8. Do you eat silog dishes? ( ) Yes ( ) No 9. How often do you eat silogs? ( ) daily ( ) weekly ( ) twice a week ( ) thrice a week others: ____ 10. Have you ever experience dining in a silog food service? ( ) Yes ( ) No 11. Where have you tasted/experienced silogs? ( ) at home ( ) school canteens ( ) fast foods others: ____________ 12. In what meal do you think silog will most be eaten. ( ) breakfast ( ) lunch ( ) merienda ( ) dinner 13. Choose at least 5 of your best choices. ( ) adsilog ( ) bangusilog ( ) burgsilog ( ) chicksilog ( ) cornsilog ( ) daingsilog ( ) embosilog ( ) hamsilog 1 Republic of the Philippines BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY Main Campus, City of Balanga, Bataan ( ) liemsilog ( ) longsilog ( ) malingsilog ( ) porkbbqsilog ( ) porksilog ( ) sigsilog ( ) specialpares ( ) tapsilog ( ) tosilog ( ) tuyosilog others: __________ 14. Would you like to have a silog food service here in Balanga? ( ) Yes ( ) No 15. Are you in favour of putting up the â€Å"Silog Express†? ( ) Yes ( ) No Thank you very much for spending time answering this questionnaire!