A Decentralized Supply Chain Essay -- Business, Optimal Supply Chain

A decentralized supply chain Is one where each supply chain entity – manufacturer, retailer, intermediary, is free to make it's own operational decisions. However, these decisions need not necessarily all be in the best interest of the entire supply chain, but rather are usually taken keeping in mind the best interests of just the individual entity. a) Recent Literature on supply chain co-ordination with contracts Optimal supply chain performance requires the execution of a precise set of actions that are not always in the interest of the individual supply chain members, who are most often interested in only optimizing their own objectives (Cachon et al. (2003)). Optimal supply chain performance can be achieved if firms coordinate by contracting on a set of transfer payments that are design to align each firm's objective to the supply chain objective. This mechanism is termed decentralized supply chain co-ordination using contracts. In the following, we review some of the important contracts found in recent supply chain literature, the significant assumptions made while deriving the different contract types, the practical use and limitations of each type of contract. Through this section, we aim to develop an essential vocabulary of the state of the art in supply chain contracts and to use this knowledge to develop optimal, coordinating contractual structures for the problems in this dissertation.( Cachon et al. (2003)). Wholesale price contract: With a wholesale price contract, the supplier charges the retailer a fixed price w per-unit of product purchased. Lariviere and Porteus (2001) analyze a wholesale price contract in the context of the news-vendor model. They consider a manufacturer producing a single good at a mar... ...ize the probability of achieving a certain target. They obtain contracts based on the pareto optimality criterion, which is again different from the Nash Equilibrium criterion usually used to derive optimal contract parameters. The authors setup a definition of a pareto contract as : â€Å"Within a contractual form, a contract is said to be Pareto if its parameter set is Pareto, that is, there does not exist an alternative parameter set such that no agent is worse off and at least one agent is strictly better off.† They also note that Pareto contracts do not co-ordinate a supply chain, because there is one agent that is always strictly better off than other agents and for a contract to co-ordinate a supply chain, we need that the optimal actions of the agents under the contract lead to pareto optimality for the supply chain, as a whole, and not any individual agent.

Uses and Gratifications Theory

USES AND GRATIFICATIONS THEORYThe uses and gratification perspectives takes the view of the media consumer. It examines how peopleuse the media and the gratification they seek and receive from their media behaviors. Uses andgratification researchers assume that audience that audience members are aware of and can articulatetheir reasons for consuming various media content.HistoryThe uses and gratifications approach has its roots in the 1940s when researchers became interested inwhy people engaged in various forms of media behaviour, such as radio listening or newspaper reading. These early studies were primarily descriptive, seeking to classify the responses of audience membersinto meaningful categories. For example, Herzog in 1944 identified three types of gratificationassociated with listening to radio soap, operas: emotional release, wishful thinking and obtaining advice.Berelson in 1949 took advantage of a New York news paper strike to ask people why they read thepaper, the respon ses fell into five major categories: reading for information, reading for social prestige,reading for escape, reading as a tool for daily living, and reading for a social context. These earlystudies had little theoretical coherence; in fact many were inspired by the practical needs of newspaperpublishers and radio broadcasters to know the motivations of their audience in order to serve them moreefficiently.The next step in the development of this research began during the late 1950s and continued during intothe 1960s, in this phase the emphasis was on identifying and operationalizing the many social andpsychological variables that were presumed to the antecedents of different patterns of consumption andgratification. Wilbur Schramm in 1954 asked the question, `what determines which offerings of mass communicationwill be selected by a given individual? ‘ the answer he offered is called the fraction of selection, and itlooks like

Benefits Of A Digital Personal Framework - 802 Words

1. organizations require will assurance that transportable clients could get will project-simple statistics inside the subject Likewise effortlessly Likewise they may inside the working environment. A digital personal framework (VPN) can be An most important choice to making certain remote gadget. notwithstanding, At a soften up diploma occurs, An legacy VPN may exactly of the risk log portable masters out of the framework, selecting their requisitions crash alternately separate. Clinched alongside a the general public ideal state of affairs, the seasoned desires ought to sign in to every requisition another time and restart every a standout amongst them. On a The extra component desperate end result imaginable, their pc solidifies, which†¦show more content†¦+ not difficult plan. basis and setup takes just a couple hours as soon as general, off-the-rack equipment. The patron editing introduces as soon as At whatever windows ®-based totally gadget, camwood a threat to be p artially confi gured, additionally can be direct of the restriction purchaser. + advanced execution. Portability XE complements throughput, provision responsiveness, and profitability. The result makes use of interface upgrades to decrease the quantity for retransmitted bundles, plenitude manage information, whats extra specific framework babble, also substantially packs information additionally internet images. 2. the ones HIPAA security controls apply to that guaranteed well being facts that is electronically stored up or used as An and simplest a electronic transmission1. valid rearrangements may be divided to with Transaction, protection furthermore security tenets. This paper deals specially with the security standards. the ones HIPAA security suggestions are differentiated below 4 segments: †¢ managerial Safeguards †¢ bodily Safeguards, protection blessings †¢ protection gadgets. those HIPAA security chooses request that whether human advantages informationShow MoreRelatedHiding One s Identity Is Nothing New1602 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves or release sensitive information about themselves or about corruption, in the case of whistleblowing. Anonymity can also be used as a security measure and prevent unauthorized mining of personal information. Although multiple ethical framework will be used and compared, using a consequence based framework will be the main examinin g point throughout. The use of the term â€Å"anonymous† can be confusing from an online perspective. 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