Notes On Christianity And Culture - 909 Words

Vidhi Gandhi Christianity and Culture in Dialogue Prof. Miller Paper Assignment 1 Faith and Philosophy as Explored by Justin Martyr and Tertullian Christianity and reason have historically been difficult matters to reconcile. They often conflict with each other, leading to some sort of existential angst. In the early Church, the role of philosophy and its use to understand Christianity was challenged by Justin Martyr and Tertullian. Both Justin and Tertullian confront the issue of faith and reason through their interaction with the Greek philosophy. Justin advocated the use of philosophy in religion, while Tertullian argued against it, but neither of them can be categorized as â€Å"positive† or â€Å"negative† about human culture due to the complexity involved in each argument. Justin applies philosophy to Christianity in order to grasp higher truth. Whereas, Tertullian is more intensely obstinate than Justin in his rejection of philosophy in relation to faith on the basis that it poisons the Christian community and strays them away from the Truth. Despite the differences, the Christian attitude concerning the cu lture is consistent in both texts as†¦.. say somethingggg Justin Martyr’s defense of philosophy in religion is somewhat implicit, in that he uses it in order to defend Christianity. Justin, in his apology for the Christians addressed to the Roman Emperors, makes no overt claim that philosophy should be applied to Christianity, but does so through implication and through hisShow MoreRelatedChristianity And The Modern World Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesideology that has been prevalent in the Modern World since 1815 is Christianity. Christianity is the world’s largest religion serving as an umbrella term for so many sub religions and representing so many interpretations. Since its creation it has played a major role in the lives of thousands of individuals seeking to â€Å"reborn† in the eyes of their lord and savior Jesus Christ. As a result, is it important to note the role Christianity has played on other ideologies in the United States. Which is whyRead MoreThe Classical Period Directions, Diversities And Declines B y 500 C.e1187 Words   |  5 PagesQuestions: Notes: The Classical Period Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E. Expansion and Integration †¢ Expansion and Integration -Integration includes a mixture of central political values, and institution, common cultures and social values and commercial links -550-400 B.C.E- seminal thinkers rose- Confucius, Buddha, Lao-zi and Socrates Reasons for Unification †¢ Reasons for Unification -China: centralization -India: casteRead MoreMediterranean Society Under Greek and Roman Influence Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ninth century B.C.E. and during the late sixth century B.C.E, Rome’s development as a republic began as Etruscan society declined†(Bentley et al, 2008 p.132, 145). The development of these empires encouraged cultural circulation, blending the culture of the two empires into the land it conquered. As Greece and Rome gained more territory within the Mediterranean society, they began to progress toward a more civilized order of humanity. How were they alike? How were they different? How did theyRead MoreThe Christianity Of Christianity From A Pagan Society867 Words   |  4 Pagesthe development of Christianity from a Pagan society to Christianity. This development is mentioned in Bede’s work Ecclesiastical History of the Christian People. He discusses kings who helps bring the faith of Christianity to a rise. Paganism does exist even if C hristianity began to rise. Bede suggests there is variations in England due to paganism existing and Christianity is trying to arise. Variations are involved in Paganism at a time when it is dominant over Christianity. By the time of PopeRead MoreChristianity Presentation719 Words   |  3 PagesChristianity Presentation REL/134 Professor Pringle Chagoll Buhl Christianity Presentation Overview ââ€" ª What is Christianity ââ€" ª Christianity Beliefs ââ€" ª What is Nontraditional ââ€" ª Nontraditional Beliefs ââ€" ª Summary ââ€" ª Reference What is Christianity? Christianity[note 1] is an Abrahamic, monotheistic[1] religion based on the life and oral teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. Christianity is the world s largest religion,[2][3] with about 2.4 billion adherents,[4][5][6] knownRead MoreReligion : A Unified System Of Beliefs And Practices949 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion is part of people’s culture as culture is also the beliefs and the values of people in a society. Religion plays a very important role in every culture, including American culture. America allow all practice of religion so people who are not allow to practice a religion in other culture move to American soil. The movement of religion from other country to America has made the nation religiously diverse as compare to other nation. Religion in American culture consist of Native American traditionalRead MoreTheme Of Paganism In Beowulf1179 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf, when it was being created, though the passing down of the epic narrative in verbal form, the Christianity age would provide a residual effect to the story. The ideas mixed is not signifying a struggle to attain religious power in the entire story, but the poem is blended with heroic ideals of Paganisms as well as self-sacrificing values which govern Christianity. The elements of Christianity and Paganism gives the poem a touch of delicate mosaic in its formation. The concepts of Fame, VengeanceRead MoreChinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesbrilliant account of historical African culture and the destruction colonialism can cause upon such cultures. As the reader follows the narrative and complexity of the characters through the novel, a sense of pride, trust, and faith in history emerges. Yet, with the introduction of colonialism the characters must learn to embrace and adapt to a new culture and set of beliefs or face termination from society. The novel explores the troubles of African cultures and their adaptation to colonialism. AsRead MoreChristianity : The Rise Of Christianity1512 Words   |  7 PagesBefore the rise of Christianity as a major religion in the European area, Paganism was a belief that was common a mong all people across Europe. Paganism involved polytheistic beliefs with ritualistic tradition and animal sacrifice. This belief was common in the Anglo-Saxon tradition, which is from where the epic poem Beowulf is thought to have originated circa 550 AD. Due to the origins of Beowulf being surrounded by Pagan tradition and culture and reliance on the method of oral recitation of theRead MoreEssay on Legacy of Rome and Christianity923 Words   |  4 PagesLegacy of Rome and Christianity Christianity came into existence almost 2000 years ago. Christianity, like Judaism, rose from obscurity to become the dominant religion of Western culture. Christianity also became the dominant faith of Rome at the end of fourth century A.D. (Matthews 157.) Both Christianity and Rome influenced Europe in a number of ways. Christianity soon became the greater part of the empire. Between 284 and 476, Roman civilization went through two stages. One

Organ Donors in Kazus Ishiguro´s Never Let Me Go - 988 Words

Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go illustrates an alternate world where clones are created for the sole purpose of becoming organ donors. The story follows clones Kathy, Ruth, and Tommy as they are born into a society in which they slowly understand and accept, as they grow older. Kathy, the narrator, reflects on her experiences in Hailsham, the Cottages, and her life as a carer. Conformity and the acceptance of fate are two themes that are present throughout the novel. Kathy exhibits obedience to social norms and never thinks to challenge them. It is only until Kathy looks back at her past where she notices her acts of omission and questions why she never intervenes with reality. Kathy and Tommy’s special connection has been evident†¦show more content†¦Although Kathy does not like the idea of being alone, she also does not like the idea of only being with either Tommy or Ruth. Kathy says, â€Å"All I can say is at the time what I feared more than anything was that one or the other of them would walk off first, and I’d be left with the remaining one† (195). Kathy feels this way because although she does not want to lose them as friends, she also does not want to deal with their problems. Kathy wants the company but not the complications that come with it. In conforming to this situation, Kathy was not able to show her friendship to Tommy, despite the fact that she values their friendship so much. When Kathy leaves the Cottages, and Ruth and Tommy, she becomes a carer. Kathy has been a carer for over eleven years. As a carer, Kathy spends a lot of time alone. In contrast to her time in the Cottages where she had Ruth and Tommy, Kathy has not seen most of her friends sine she left the Cottages. While she is a carer and has been alone for a long time, she becomes more independent. As she become more independent, she breaks from conformity and challenges her fate in her own way. Most clones do not get to be carers as long as Kathy has been a carer. In being a carer longer than most clones, Kathy is also trying to stay alive longer. Since they were young, the idea of sacrificing their lives to

Biological Behavior Free Essays

Biological Criminal Behavior CJA/314 December 12, 2011 Biological Criminal Behavior Significant genetic and psychological evidence exists that supports the notion that biology played a role in explaining Mr. Hinckley’s crime of the attempted assignation of President Ronald Reagan by in 1981, including seriously injuring to three other people. According to Schmalleger (2012), â€Å"The shape of a person’s skull corresponds to the shape of the underlying brain and is therefore indicative of the personality, (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now 9). Because of the actions of John Hinckley Congress enacted changes to the law that affected the way defense attorneys used the insanity defense in order to protect their clients in court due to concerns that some defendants had no metal disorders, and others were classified as having personality disorders. Those who support the mens rea approach argue that if the courts had considered Hinckley’s mental culpability he would have likely been found guilty because they claim he was clear about his intentions. The notes Hinckley left for film star Jodie Foster showed how disturbed he was. John Hinckley reportedly admitted that he was fantasizing about the life of a character in a famous movie. This article went on to explain that Hinckley suffered from other physical ailments that caused significant weight gain and also required prescriptions such as Valium, antidepressants, and antihistamines. In addition, â€Å"At his trial the defense successfully won a battle to introduce a CAT-scan test showing the widened suici of the brain found, according to one defense psychiatrist, in one of three schizophrenics† (Carrithers, 1985, p. 24, para 7). During Hinckley’s trial the prosecution and defense both argued that he suffered from clinical issues such as paranoid personality disorder, depressive neurosis, process schizophrenia, or dysthymic disorder. The legislation passed by Congress relating to Hinckley’s insanity plea was aimed at protecting the rights of the mentally ill and of society. Now the defense has to prove that their client is psychotic, but are not mad creatures if they want to claim insanity. Incredibly, John Hinckley was recently in the news because the courts are currently contemplating about whether or not to release him into the custody of his mother who is elderly. Evidently the issue was serious enough for the federal government to get involved. For example, â€Å"Earlier this year U. S. Secret Service agents observed John Hinckley Jr. the man who shot President Ronald Reagan and three other men in a 1981 assassination attempt,   go to a bookstore to read about President Reagan and presidential assassinations (ABC, 2011, p. 1, para 1). References ABC. (2011). Blogs. Retrieved from, http://abcnews. go. com/blogs/politics/2011/11/prosecutors-argue-against-john-hinckley-jr-release/ Carrithers, D. W. (1985). The Insanity Defense and Presidential Peril. Society, 22(5), 23-27. Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology today: An interactive introduction. (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. How to cite Biological Behavior, Papers

IT Resources OF Schaffer Corporation- Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the IT Resources OF Schaffer Corporation. Answer: Background of the Company The headquarters of Schaffer Corporation is in Vilonia. The corporation made satisfactory progress on 2002 where the annual sale of the organisation is around 2 billion dollars. The organisation comprises of three divisions that are autonomous. Reitzel division which is one of the three divisions of Schaffer contributes 80% of the total profit for the Schaffer. This division of Schaffer has the potential for most expansion other that any two divisions of Schaffer. In past three divisions of Schaffer has own IT departments for their different divisions. Past few years the company has integrated the IT departments of three divisions together. The corporation has centralised Information Technology systems. In 2002 the ambition as well as the vision had been established by managing director. This helped them to identify that the organisations IT department does not has the capability of meeting their demands in future. Therefore, a controversial problem exists in the organisation about t he outsourcing. Benefits Company will Achieved by Outsourcing The management recommended that outsourcing of the IT resources will help in the developmental process in Schaeffer. The management also identified that outsourcing IT companies will help in increasing the efficiencies in IT field accompanied with minimizing the cost as well as achieving goals (Schwarz, 2014). The management of the company has a firm trust that the organisation will receive many benefits once they achieve outsourcing. The management also identifies that the IT department within the organisation is unable to meet the requirements, which is significantly needed for the expansion of the organisation on the ground of innovative product lines as well as services. If the organisation is maintaining internal IT department it would be too expensive for them (Gonzlez, Gasc Llopis, 2016). On outsourcing the resources of IT the organisation will gain control in expenses. Setting up IT department is too costly and have restrictions on the organisation. On outsourcing the IT resources the expense will also reduce for department of IT in the field of training cost and labour expense. The process of outsourcing will also help in increasing the flexibility of the organisation as well as management will also improve. The maintenance of IT infrastructures will led in increasing the burden of the organisation, which can be minimise with the help of outsourcing (Willcocks Cullen, 2013). Outsourcing the resources of IT will help in saving the capital expenditure and the fund required for supplying the software and hardware. Moreover, the corporation investment for purchasing software, training of employees and implementing new technologies will not be require if the resources are been outsourced. This will provide advantages to Schaffer on the long term basis by returning high returns (Pfaller et al., 2014). One of the primary reasons for outsourcing the IT employees are the corporation needed skilled professionals. Since IT is not the core competency for the organisation it will permit them to concentrate on providing products of high quality. So IT outsourcing will help in transferring the burden of IT to the employees having more knowledge and expertise on the specialised field. Therefore, outsourcing the employees will help the company in saving time as well as funds for trainings of employees (Davy, 2014). Schaffer will have the capability of operating as tier 1 provider of services on outsourcing excellent quality of providers of service. Outsourcing is a significant consideration as it helps the company in achieving their goal by getting services of high end. Steps Taken for developing RFP In order for developing the request for proposal on IT services needs depth knowledge on the requirement of the organization on the basis of resources as well as infrastructures. The corporation required to hire outside consultant for helping in research as well as developing the request for proposal along with the management (Venter, 2016). This permits better understanding of the requirement of Schaffer. The above process is not short as the time taken by consultant for collecting data as well as information on the type of infrastructure required by Schaffer in the field of IT for operating at strategic level is around one year. In formulating RFP it is required for fully detailing the specific infrastructures of IT as well as the commitment that will be fulfilled by outsource company. In developing the RFP it is also needed for providing the cost for each activity along with the current and expected estimated cost (Blanco, Garca-Pealvo Sein-Echaluce, 2013). The expected cost need ed to be compared with the current cost for determining whether it would be advantageous for the corporation to outsource IT. These steps are needed for the issuing of RFP, which has a response time for 2 months for the contract company (St Nam, 2015). Role of Outside Consultant The workforce of Schaffer had restricted knowledge on selecting the potential vendors for the process of outsourcing IT departments (Ashrafi et al., 2014). The outside consultant Gartner assisted them in identifying and spotting the IT services they needed and the outsourcing companies that has the capabilities in meeting their international requirements (Howlett Migone, 2013). The outsourcing companies helps in equipment locating, adjudging the roles of employees, processes of IT knowledge and identification of services required by Schaffer in order to outsource for achieving the goals of future (Sabri et al., 2014). After collection of information and computing them the companies recommended by Gartner are ABC and DEF, which have the capacity for meeting the specific requirements in future to support their global growth. Gartner also warn the task force of corporate that the process of outsourcing might not be the efficient decision for cost savings (Gunter Mills, 2017). Disadvantages of Outsourcing raised by managers According to the divisional managers of Schaffer there are some disadvantages for outsourcing IT department. The department of IT plays a significant role for the success of the company as information and data are considered to be the heart of the company. It is significant to take consideration carefully regarding the decisions of IT department (Dinu, 2015). The concern exists that if the relationship fails with ABC Company then the company can take the procedure of understaffing and the ABC service level will reduce the quality. The disadvantages of outsourcing the services of IT are it involves high costs as well as risks. The other divisional management got panic as they think that the decision are been taken naively without understanding fully the cost that the company will be going to pay for outsourcing on a long term (Betz Tidona, 2015). The outsourcing expense is exactly the same as in-house cost of IT that is around 20 million dollars on the basis of the bid taken place. There is also a chance that ABC Company, in future may not continue in meeting the needs of the company and that will be a huge loss for the company. Moreover the transactional volume may also not be predicted by Schaffer and ABC. It may yields in causing unexpected cost as well as future uncertainties (Li Wan, 2014). It was also been discussed that ABC will primarily concentrates on the division Reitzel as it has the potential of growth among the three divisions that Schaffer have. The other two divisions may also feel that they are not been given the priorities that can adversely affected the sales as well as growth. The above disadvantages confronted by the divisional managers regarding Schaffers outsourcing the services of IT are quite obvious. There lie tremendous uncertainties as well as high risks with outsourcing, therefore before implementing it thorough analysis is needed (Ahmed, Perera IllanNoon, 2015). Some managers have suggested a third alternative: outsource the IT infrastructure for the specific division only. Which alternative do you think they should choose, and why On the field of outsourcing in Schaffer corporation the Gartner Consulting Group presented two options in front of the management. The two options presented by Gartner are maintain the IT sourcing currently present within the organisation or Outsourcing IT department to ABC Corporation. The third option presented by the vice president of Colbert Division is to outsource the IT department to ABC Corporation only for the division of Reitzel and maintaining internal It source for the division of Kinzer and Colbert. The management of Schaffer can take the best decision by outsourcing the full requirements of IT to ABC. If the organisation decides for maintain the in-house of sourcing of IT at the same level they will only be capable of maintaining the current production level and will not be able in attaining new goals for further expansion as well as acquirement in Europe. In the current department of IT Schaffer has only 7 employees. Therefore the process of recruitment will take a large amount of time. It will also not be a cost effective process for hiring the employees that is needed for the growth of the project (Teo Bhattacharjee, 2014). The management estimated that for developing the requirements of IT they will require a budget of around 200 million dollars. The second option is outsourcing the full IT department to the outsourcing company ABC Corporation that will help the company in gaining more flexibility. On outsourcing this specific department the tedious work of hiring employees according to the requirements. The outsourcing will make ABC Corporation be liable for the full IT department regarding hiring, procuring equipment as well as training (Xi, Xu Todo, 2013). This helps the organisation in reallocating the resource for development and growth and not worrying about the department of IT. In the field of IT ABC Corporation will have the access of skilful employees with higher knowledge in technical subjects and highly efficient workers (Brinkkemper Jansen, 2016). Reitzel divisions vice president Mr. Charles Gibbs has also exhibited the problems of the ongoing system that will be alleviating by ABC Corporation. He also stated that the dissatisfaction of the customers on their current structures of health desk will be reduced on ce the department of IT is been outsourced. The outsourcing will help in increasing the level of quality of the customer service as the support area provided by ABC Corporation will be much efficient as they have skilful workers. However, despite the fact that there are lot of advantages related on outsourcing to ABC, some portion of the Schaeffer administration had a few ditherings with this choice. Vivian Johnson, the VP of IT for Kinzer division, trusted that by completely outsourcing the department of IT to the ABC would be excessively solid of relation with outside source, particularly a substantial source like ABC who has different customers and needs. While the present organization functioned admirably with Schaeffer, a dread exists that as staff turnovers happen inside ABC, Schaeffer would turn into a less vital piece of that association. Additionally she was worried that with the immense move in the IT office will alter the way of life of the association, and make vulnerability inside their reliable representative base, as this bearing would prompt enormous cutbacks (Chan Ng, 2015. Likewise, Vivian noticed that an added expenses to the understanding, as ABC felt extra assets ought to be included; Sc haeffer would need to pay to achieve those advantages as opposed to getting them. Carlol Hanna, the VP of finance of the Colbert division, additionally did not feel completely great with this assertion. She guarantees that the hazard and the advantages don't adjust for the entire association, particularly since the cost of outsourcing was equal to that of keeping up the IT office in house (Hassanain et al., 2015). Her principle delays lay in the way that just a single office would completely profit by this move, and that if Schaeffer somehow happened to outsource it ought to just do as such for the Reitzel division. The third and the last option that was been stated was to outsource the IT department of Reitzel division. This will ensure that some of the in-house IT expertise will be there in Schaffer. This option will not allow Schaffer to pass all the IT expertise To ABC Corporation. The main issue is that on outsourcing Schaffer will require in reducing their departments of IT as well as resources. This will not only make the organisation to lost the trust as well as loyal employees but it will also led the organisation to lose all the controls of IT department to an outsource company. The other two division of Schaffer namely Kinzer and Colbert feel the IT department of their division should be kept intact. The manager of the other two divisions thinks that if the relation with the outsourcing company defoliate then the division will be bound to start up the recruiting and retraining process and this will add extra amount of fund to their divisions (Schneiderjans, Schneiderjans Schneiderjan s, 2015). If the division of Reitzel are implementing the outsourcing option in their IT department the organisation will be in a great position to start as the other two divisions will have their internal IT departments. This option will impose more costs on the company as the scale of economies is been losing as they divide the departments of IT in separate entities. However, though it is risky decision to undertake but Schaffer must take the decision of outsourcing the department of IT since the outsourcing company has the ability to meet the growing demand of Schaffer. Why do you think so many disadvantages were raised after the task force recommendation had been developed Schaeffer has an exceptionally extraordinary business circumstance as its diverse divisions have altogether different necessities, business capacities (fabricating/circulation for deals and monetary administrations), and benefit and development openings. Reitzel division works on a bigger scale with more noteworthy open doors for deals development and profitability (Maley et al., 2015). Once the team built up the strategy for success they introduced to Schaeffer's top administration, portraying their arrangements of outsourcing the IT divisions yet keeping all frameworks improvement in house. It was evident from their portrayal that the thinking behind the outsourcing was fundamentally because of the substantial scale objectives of Reitzel division. Case study analysis demonstrates the vital development objectives of acquisitions and topographical extensions would be unfulfilled still they had higher quality and adaptable IT assets. However, these objectives are equipped towards the Reitzel division. The team stresses that when they have procurement the interest for IT spike. Likewise, in their worldwide markets, for example, Europe the developments will require more noteworthy assets. At last, the team underlines how ABC has broad preparing, an information base and a bigger staff that has the capacity to support the operation of Schaffer. There were numerous responses to the proposition of outsourcing to ABC as well as the inconveniences of outsourcing stemmed when the team suggested it since it was not profiting for Schaeffer. It was an answer straightforwardly for the IT division of Reitzel to use. Other divisions examined the proposition as well as visualise the opportunities that ABC is providing is not necessary. They additionally had an opportunity to examine it through a non - one-sided point of view. Since other two divisions were not as reliant on the department of IT outsourcing requires they could examine the circumstance all the more reasonably. The division of Kinzer raised the disadvantages that indicated worries with their reliance on ABC. They specify the unrecognized danger of depending on ABC as well as considers conceivable outcomes that the team is ignoring, for example, cutbacks, or if surprising issues emerge. The general dread was the smaller divisions will have to bear more expenses than advantage for outsourcing the department of IT. The other division chiefs perceive how Reitzel would profit by this change, and feel as if the choice needs to take a gander at the way that the smaller divisions don't have an indistinguishable development opening as that of Reitzel and in this manner won't profit by the heaviness of the additional expenses of outsourcing department of IT. This change states that smaller divisions are in need to modify their financial plans to suit the higher expenses, and may bring about littler rewards. The finance of Colbert division indicates concerns in regards to risk and cost. They are giving a budgetary point of view and are thinking about the costs all the more reasonably as they are'nt as reliant on the IT division. Their viewpoint demonstrates that it is not worth the expenses, and the expenses of the outsourcing are never a set cost but rather a developing expense (Vaxevanou Konstantopoulos, 2015). This disadvantage been exhibited after taskforce team made the proposition since they could examine the expenses and offset the advantages and the costs. As they find the advantages it conveys to the Reitzel division will prompt extra expenses for two other divisions. In any case, the Reitzel IT division energetically underpins the decision since it helps in the development of division. How could this controversy have been avoided The task force that made the proposal carries disadvantages for the other two divisions as they will not be benefited by the outsourcing decisions like as Reitzel division will achieve. The situation could have been avoided if they worked together with the heads of all division, and experienced the advantages and detriments of outsourcing collaborately. Encourage by teaching each divisions completely on how outsourcing will profit every division separately would have intensely diminished the discussion level required in deciding of outsourcing. They also could have chosen another arrangement, to isolate up the organization and outsourcing requirements. The avoiding of controversy could have been achieved if the organization has been considered overall regarding this choice as opposed to concentrating on the objectives of only one division. Schaeffer having three individual divisions, with various capacities, gainfulness' and objectives, yet they were settling on choices because of on e objective. Along these lines in the event that they had teamed up and analysed each divisions needs together they could have had a more practical way to deal with the outsourcing choice. Since they trust that outsourcing for only one division is excessively costly for ABC they ought to consider outsourcing on small scaled organization. Consequently the whole Schaeffer Corporation ought to outsource its IT division to an organization that can redo its administrations to suit Schaeffer's particular needs, including great client benefit and also solid IT administrations. They ought not to outsource for only one division on the grounds that with various working frameworks it would be troublesome for Harding to keep request and control as the data can't be arranged effortlessly. He would be in risk of disregarding the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Facilitate, by guaranteeing all divisions are all on system Harding will expand the estimation of Schaeffer's system framework, which concurs with Met calfe law. References Ahamed, M., Perera, B. A. K. S., IllanNoon, I. M. C. S. (2015). In-house versus outsourcing facilities management: A framework for value-added selection in sri lankan commercial buildings. Ashrafi, R., Sharma, S. K., Al-Badi, A. H., Al-Gharbi, K. (2014). Achieving business success through information and communication technologies adoption by small and medium enterprises in Oman.Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,22(1), 138-146. Betz, U. A., Tidona, C. A. (2015). Outcubation [mdash] where incubation meets outsourcing.Nature biotechnology,33(1), 20-21. Blanco, . F., Garca-Pealvo, F. J., Sein-Echaluce, M. (2013, November). A methodology proposal for developing adaptive cMOOC. InProceedings of the First International Conference on Technological Ecosystem for Enhancing Multiculturality(pp. 553-558). ACM. Brinkkemper, S., Jansen, S. (2016).Collaboration in Outsourcing: a Journey to Quality. Springer. Chan, T. M. K., Ng, S. W. (2015). Management of Outsourcing Extra-Curricular Activities in Primary Schools: Issues and Considerations.International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration Management (CCEAM)),43(1). Davy, A. (2014). Sourcing of It ServicesIndustry Trends.Information Systems in Management,2(3), 102-112. Dinu, A. M. (2015). The risks and benefits of outsourcing.Knowledge Horizons. Economics,7(2), 103. Gonzlez, R., Gasc, J., Llopis, J. (2016). Information Systems Outsourcing Reasons and Risks: Review and Evolution.Journal of Global Information Technology Management,19(4), 223-249. Gunter, H. M., Mills, C. (2017). Professionals as Consultants in and outside of Companies. InConsultants and Consultancy: the Case of Education(pp. 47-58). Springer International Publishing. Hassanain, M. A., Assaf, S., Al-Hammad, A. M., Al-Nehmi, A. (2015). A multi-criteria decision making model for outsourcing maintenance services.Facilities,33(3/4), 229-244. Howlett, M., Migone, A. (2013). Policy advice through the market: The role of external consultants in contemporary policy advisory systems.Policy and Society,32(3), 241-254. Li, D. F., Wan, S. P. (2014). Fuzzy heterogeneous multiattribute decision making method for outsourcing provider selection.Expert systems with applications,41(6), 3047-3059. Maley, J. F., Kowalkowski, C., Brege, S., Biggemann, S. (2015). Outsourcing maintenance in complex process industries: Managing firm capabilities in lock-in effect.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,27(5), 801-825. Pfaller, R., Fiedler, M., Picot, A., Tuschke, A. (2014, January). Antecedents of IT Outsourcing--A Longitudinal Approach. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 4650-4659). IEEE. Sabri, S. M., Sulaiman, R., Ahmad, A., Tang, A. (2014, November). A review on IT outsourcing practices for e-business transformation among SMEs in Malaysia. InInformation Technology and Multimedia (ICIMU), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 124-129). IEEE. Schniederjans, M. J., Schniederjans, A. M., Schniederjans, D. G. (2015).Outsourcing and insourcing in an international context. Routledge. Schwarz, C. (2014). Toward an understanding of the nature and conceptualization of outsourcing success.Information Management,51(1), 152-164. St, T. K., Nam, H. V. (2015). REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) RFP No. UNFPA/VNM/15/03. Teo, T. S., Bhattacherjee, A. (2014). Knowledge transfer and utilization in IT outsourcing partnerships: A preliminary model of antecedents and outcomes.Information Management,51(2), 177-186. Vaxevanou, A., Konstantopoulos, N. (2015). Basic principles the philosophy of outsourcing.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,175, 567-571. Venter, M. L. (2016). Request for Proposal (RFP).Cell,303, 324-4260. Willcocks, L., Cullen, S. (2013).Intelligent IT outsourcing. Routledge. Xi, X., Xu, Y., Todo, H. (2013). The Present Situation of IT Outsourcing and Countermeasure.Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,6(8), 426.